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EPPP kirsty > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory

A

children are “little scientists,” actively constructing their cognitive worlds

development is characterized by working towards a conceptual and symbolically-represented cognitive world

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2
Q

assimilation (per Piaget)

A

incorporation of new info/experiences into an existing schema

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3
Q

accommodation (per Piaget)

A

adjusting a schema to take into account new info

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4
Q

equilibration (per Piaget)

A

children balance assimilation and accommodation

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5
Q

Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

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6
Q

6 stages of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage

A
  1. simple reflexes
  2. 1st habits and primary circular reactions (1-4 mo)
  3. secondary circular reactions (4-8 mo)
  4. coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12mo)
  5. tertiary circular reactions (12-18 mo)
  6. internalization of schemata (18-24 mo)
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7
Q

Piaget’s preoperational stage

A

kids use mental representations to understand the world and begin to reason.

egocentric thinking, magical beliefs

2 substages:
1. symbolic function substage: can mentallly represent an objet that is not there
2. intuitive thought substage: begins to use simple reasoning, ask why

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8
Q

Piaget’s concrete operational stage

A

7-11 yrs

children can reason logically in specific or concrete examples

conservation (liquid in beaker)

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9
Q

Piaget’s formal operational stage:

A

11-15 yrs thru adulthood

characterized by abstract, idealistic, and logical thinking

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10
Q

criticism of Piaget

A

cog dev is less abrupt and stage-like
underestimated young childrens’ competence
overesttimated adolescent cog abilities
over-reliance on physical and motor skills

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11
Q

Vygotsky’s theory

A

social interaction and cultural context shape children’s thinking

zone of proximal development

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12
Q

Bronfenbrenner

A

bioecological systems theory

emphasizes importance of environmental factors on individual development

Macro
Exo
Meso
Micro system

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13
Q

critiques of Bronfenbrenner

A

not enough consideration of biological or cognitive factors

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14
Q

Dynamic systems theory

A

Esther Thelen

mind, body, and social worlds form an integrated system that guides mastery of new skills

dynamic because a change in one part disrupts other areas

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15
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation model (SOC)

A

Baltes et al

3 factors critical to successful aging across the lifespan:
1. selection of desired goals
2. optimization of actions and abilities
3. compensation, or adjustment of goals/strategies in response to losses of capacity

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16
Q

cell layers in embryonic period

A

ectoderm -> skin, nerves, sensory organs
mesoderm -> muscle, bones, circulatory system, some organs
endoderm -> digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, glands

17
Q

before X is premature

A

37 weeks

18
Q

low birth weight:
very low birth weight:

A

5.5 lbs
2.5 lbs

19
Q

APGAR stands for

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

scored 0-2
>7 means healthy
<4 critical condition

20
Q

directionality of how body proportions change: tends to be

A

cephalocaudal (head to tail)

proximodistal (from inside outwards)

21
Q

age at which kids tend to show gender constancy

A

6-7yo

22
Q

self-concept includes:

A

knowledge components
evaluative components

23
Q

theories about temperament

A

Thomas & Chess: identified 9 temperament traits, could classify 65% of kids into 1/3 groups

Kagan: 2 categories: inhibited vs. uninhibited

Rothbart & Bates: 3 dimensions: extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control

24
Q

dual processing theory in adolescence

A

more risky behaviors because:
1. reward-seeking areas of the brain are rapidly developing
2. cognitive control mechinisms with effortful control and self-regulation develop later

25
Q

4 attachment types, per Ainsworth/Bowlby

A

secure
avoidant
ambivalent/resistant
disorganized

26
Q

critiques of Strange situation

A

healthy attachment varies in different cultures
focuses mostly on Mother, not other relationships
atypical setting

27
Q

Kohlberg’s Moral Judgment ideas

A

6 stages:
Preconventional (stages 1-2)
3 interpersonal accord, following social norms
4. adhering to laws
5. postconventional: moral principles
6. moral reasonin gbased on abstract universal ethical principles

28
Q

Erikson’s 8-stage theory: first 4 stages

A

infancy: trust vs. mistrust
early childhood: autonomy vs. shame and doubt
preschool: initiative vs. guilt
school age: industry vs. inferiority

29
Q

Erikson’s 8-stage theory: last 4 stages

A

adolescence: identity vs. role confusion
young adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation
middle adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
maturity: ego integrity vs. despair

EPPP kirsty (9 decks)

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