Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards
norm- vs criterion- referenced tests
norm: compare an examinee’s performance to the performance of a specified group of participants (norms)
criterion: used to assess where an examinee stands on a particular criterion, or domain of scale, status, or functioning.
Classical Test Theory
Spearman
score = true score + error
can’t individually observe either
Generalizability theory
extension of CTT
Identifies sources of measurement error, separates the influence of each source, estimates the individual sources of measurement error
Item response theory
examines individual items in test development
relationships between constructs being measured and individual items responses are examined at multiple levels
ICC
item difficulty
item discrimination
reliability coefficient
r, ranges 0-1
degree to which test scores are consistent
4 types of internal consistency reliability estimates.
split-half
inter-rater reliability (Kappa)
Cronbach’s alpha
Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (for dichotomous)
Spearman-Brown formula
used to estimate the internal consistency of an entire test from the reliability of one half of a test
types of validity
content
construct
criterion (includes concurrent and predictive validity)
content validity
how well a test includes the range of information needed to test the construct being measured
criterion validity
how well a test aligns with other tests that are intended to measure
the same thing
construct validity
how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate
type I error
false positive
type II error
false negative
multitrait-multimethod matrix
way of examining construct validity: compare your test with others that are designed to measure the same and different things - do you get the expected correlation matrix?
test bias
somethign in test that results in systematic variation or error, such that the test performs dfiferently in different groups
fairness in test creation
how fairly a test is used to classify/categorize
lack of bias
equitable treatment in the testing process
equality in outcomes
opportunity to learn
Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment yields
3 primary index scores:
Total problems
internalizing probs
externalizing probs
age range for WJ-IV cog
2 to >90
**based on cattell-horn-carrol theory of intelligence!
Halstead Reitan
fixed-battery approach, core tests include
Category test
Tactual performance test
Speech-sounds perception test
Seashore rhythm
finger tapping
trail making test
Holland’s theory of vocational interest
there are 6 dimensions of vocational interest - uses hexagon
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional
Self-directed search
SDS
self-report questionnaire that is scored and interpreted by the individual.
yields score profile with top three domains, and compare those top three to different occupations and fields
Hiltonsmith and Keller 1983’s idea:
IO psych
framework for organizing data collected in ecological (person setting) assessment:
1) setting appearance and contents
2) setting operation
3) setting opportunities
what are “controls” in the context of an FBA?
things the individual is trying to use their behavior to control
assessment center
in IO psych, used to evaluate bxs and skills specific to a job’s content
a setting where a standardized evaluation of behavior based on multiple inputs can occur
multiple assessors observe and record bx, classify bx, and rate
10 key components for an evaluation process to be considered an assessment measure
1) systematic analysis to determine job-related behavioral constructs
2) behavioral classification
3) multiple assessment center components
4) linkages btwn bx constructs and assessment center components
5) simulations
6) assessors
7) assessor training
8) recording bx and scoring
9) data integration
10) standardization
8 broad factors proposed by Carroll
1) fluid intelligence
2) crystallized intelligence
3) general memory and learning
4) visual perception
5) auditory perception
6) retrieval capacity
7) cognitive speediness
8) processing speed
Stanford Binet age range
2-85
Wechsler scales age ranges
WPPSI: 2:6-7:7
WISC: 6-16
WAIS: 16 -89
5 domains assessed in NAB
Attention
Language
Memory
Spatial
EF
Strong Vocational Interest Inventory
yields scores in 4 scales:
1) general occupational themes
2) basic interest scales
3) personal style scales
4) occupational scales (measures 6 RIASEC categories)
Kuder Occupational Interest Survey
self-report measure of vocational interest. Measures the similarity between a person’s responses adn the avg interests of people actually employed in a specific job
4 domains: occuaptional scales
college major
vocational interest
dependability estimates
Campbell Interest and Skill Survey
yields scores in:
Occupational Orientation (like Holland’s interests)
Basic
Occupational
Dusky vs US
supreme court decision stating that a person must have a rational and factual understanding of the proceedings against him
American Law Institute Test for determining NGBRI
1) person lacks capacity to understand criminality of his bx or to conform to the law
2) mental disease or defect does NOT include abnormality manifested by repeated criminalor otherwise antisocial conduct
M’Naghten rule
DRAWN
disease of the mind
defect in Reasoning
lacked Ability at time fo the crime
to konw Wrongfulness
or understand Nature and quality
defendant has to show insanity
mens rea
Knowledge of wrongdoing of a crime
related to argument of diminished capacity
Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales
developed to facilitate evals of diminished capacity/mens rea
2 types of violence/aggression assessments
- retrospective
- prospective (risk): assess dangerousnessh
how to assess for aggression risk
- review case history
- clinical interview with pt
- interviews with family, friends, other ppl
**attend to riskf actors:
hx aggressive bx and violence
hx substance abuse
hx psychosis
hs psych/personality disorders (associated with violence)
attend to affective state and interpersonal style re: emotions
Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised
differentiate psychopathy traits from antisocial PD
3 factors:
1a and 1b: related to Narcissistic PD
2a and 2B; related to Antisocial PD and BPD
event sampling vs interval recording
event sampling: how many times a bx happens
interval recordings: recording Y/N for time periods
Kuder-Richardson formula
developed to assess internal consistency reliability in measures with dichotomous choices
what is the difference between schizophreniform disorder and schizophrenia
and brief psychotic disorder?
schizophreniform disorder: < 6 mo, doesnt require decline in functioning
schizophrenia: at least 6 mo, incl 1 mo of active-phase sxs
BPD: more than 1 day, less than 1 month
most common negative sxs in schizophrenia
diminished emotional expression
avolition
what is schizoaffective disorder
mood episode and active-phase sxs of schizophrenia occur together and were preceded or are followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions/hallucinations without prominent mood sxs
what precludes a diagnosis of delusional disorder?
previously meeting criteria A of schizophrenia (2+ of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorg/catatonic bx, neg sxs for 1 mo)
dx criteria for a brief psychotic disorder
A. 1+ of: delusions, hallucinations, disorg. speech, grossly disorg or catatonic bx
B. 1 day < x < 1 mo
C. not better explained by MDE or bipolar disorder with psychotic features or another psychotic disorder
what is duration required for delusional disorder
1 mo
