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Design & Specification Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the design and specification stages?

A
  1. Establish the project (Preparation and Briefing)
  2. Outline/Concept design
  3. Detailed/Technical design
  4. Production Design (SofW etc)
  5. Building and occupation

Or

0 Strategic Definition
1 Preparation and brief
2 Concept Design
3 Spatial Co-ordination
4 Technical Design
5 Construction and manufacturing
6 Handover
7 Use
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2
Q

What does ‘Establishing the project’ consist of?

A

Project briefing
Feasibility Study

‘Strategic Definition + Preparation and Briefing in relation to RIBA PoW 2020’

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3
Q

What does ‘Outline/Concept design’ consist of?

A

Draft drawings/layouts/details to enable legislative compliance and initially meet the clients requirements.

‘Concept design in relation to RIBA PoW 2020’

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4
Q

What does ‘Detailed/Technical design and spec’ consist of?

A

Determines the quality
Nomination of defined product/methods/materials
Determines Warranties/guarantees

‘Spatial Coordination and Technical design in relation to RIBA PoW 2020’

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5
Q

What does the ‘Production Design’ consist of?

A

Schedule of works
Bill’s of quantities (not so common)
Working/technical drawings (May be incomplete designs if works are unknown)
Review and audit

‘Technical design in relation to RIBA PoW 2020’

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6
Q

What does ‘Towards building occupation’ consist of?

A

Construction and commissioning
Facility management
Life cycle and performance feedback

‘Manufacturing and Construction(5), Handover(6) and Use(7) in relation to RIBA PoW 2020’

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7
Q

What are the types of design philosophies?

A

Occupational design - specific focus on the requirements of an end user.

Use centred design - specific focus on the space and looks to the requirements of the market place in some instances.

KISS - Keep it simple stupid, avoids unnecessary complication.

Pragmatic design - Creative approach which acknowledges more than one design solution.

Critical design - There is a fundamental driver behind the design.

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8
Q

What are the three ‘Common threads’ which a designer needs to know?

A
  1. Compliance
  2. Sustainability
  3. Safety
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9
Q

What is compliance?

A

The process of complying/conforming with requirements whether these be:

Client / project requirements
Statutory requirements such as Building Regulations and Planning.

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10
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting the needs of today without sacrificing the needs of future generations.

3 Common Threads:
Environment, Economic and Social.

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11
Q

How is a project established?

A

Client vision will be determined by the designer by turning vision into objective through developing the project strategy/brief.

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12
Q

What are the three parts to define a project?

A
  1. Vision (Usually clients)
  2. Objective (clients or designers)
  3. Outcome (Usually met by the designer/contractor)
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13
Q

How can you develop a clients vision into a objective

A

Interpret and draw out key requirements from the clients vision which can then be transferred into objectives.

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14
Q

Why is NBS good?

A

National Building Specification (NBS)

Quick, consistent, comprehensive and offers a high degree of confidence.

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15
Q

What is contingency management?

A

Used to foresee design gaps, bridge uncertainty and forecast.

Either used as a Provisional Sum or PC (Prime Cost) Sum.

Provisional sums are used in lump sum allowances or rates.

PC Sums are used as allowances to to reflect the level of of anticipated specification generally for anticipated works.

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16
Q

How would you comply with legislation and what would you consider as part of a project?

A

Early review is key to ensure the project objectives can be met in accordance with statutory requirements.

Planning permission: Beneficial to instruct a planning consultant to discharge high risk conditions or appeal.

Review Building Regulations: Approved Docs or British Standards.

Review CDM - Appoint PD / PC and Notification to HSE

Review Party Wall - Appoint PWS serve notice

Review Asbestos Regulations including precautions, identification and management.

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17
Q

What is an incomplete design?

A

An incomplete design is a design usually out the detailed design stage which has an element of design not currently known or is to be completed by another person at a later stage.

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18
Q

What do you do in a Refurbishment Project which is heavily M and E involved?

A

Appoint a M and E consultant early to provide a high standard of service, increase a clients confidence in cost, quality and time.

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19
Q

How is quality achieved?

A

Specification - Materials, products and systems

Delivery - Workmanship

20
Q

How is success measured in a project?

A

Outcomes through Cost, Quality, Time in relation to the clients requirements or contract documents.

Quality - Degree of workmanship/design/conformance to specs/manufactures guidance/KPI’s etc

Cost - Within budget

Time - Within programme

21
Q

How can a designer implement quality?

A
  1. Use a nominated supplier or manufacturer
  2. Nominate a specific material/product
  3. Third party testing - CA Inspection, Subject to joint inspection or Clerk of works.
  4. Supplier warranties (I.e. roofing, selected contractors and warranties)
  5. Quality descriptors
22
Q

What should the Production Design communicate?

A

Work specific requirements
Products and material requirements
Workmanship requirements
Statutory requirements

All information required TO BUILD!!

23
Q

Why are Bill of Quantities on the decline?

A

Fee’s are usually scrutinised for the preparation of such documents as the contractor usually prepares their own.

24
Q

What are working (or production) drawings?

A

Allows the design to develop detailed layouts, details, sections, and large scale detailing - SO IT CAN BE CONSTRUCTED.

25
Q

What are robust details?

A

Robust Details are used to meet Part E (Sound) of the Building Regulations (Approved Doc) through the use of standard details.

26
Q

What are the methods of design?

A
  1. Adoption of standard solutions/details (least risk)
  2. Adaptation of existing standard solutions/details
  3. Production of new methods (high risk high reward)
27
Q

Whats the difference between high tech and low tech?

A

High Tech - New, cutting edge, contemporary materials, often complex technology.

Low Tech - well established materials, technologies and are of simple nature.

28
Q

How is quality achieved?

A

Design/Spec: Material choice/finishes/quality descriptors

Construction: Workmanship

29
Q

Why are sketches used?

A

Sketches aim to illustrate ideas to clients. Usually used at a project inception stage.

Only suitable for initial conversation of information, concepts etc.

30
Q

How can designs be communicated?

A 
Draft sketches (concept stage)
Presentation sketches (concept stage)
2D Drawings
3D Models
Specifications/SofW
Material selection reports
31
Q

What types of 2D Drawings are there?

A

Location Plans
Sections
Floor plans
Elevations
Details
Assembly drawings (Full Elevation Sections of how the building is assembled)
Component drawings (Usually supplied by manufacturer of the certain component and integrated within the design)

32
Q

How can you provide 3D Drawings?

A

CAD - Revit or AutoCAD

33
Q

What are the types of specification?

A

Performance Specification - Describes the level of performance/characteristics required without naming specific products. Designer must anticipate the cheapest material will be selected. More riskier, quicker and should be used where in non-finished areas.

Prescriptive Specification - Describes the the components/works with the use of products. Requires designer knowledge and research. May be little cost saving by the contractor to the client as already specified. More control to the designer.

34
Q

Tell me why the phrase ‘Or Similar’ in specifications can be both bad or good?

A

Can be used as a loop hole for contractors/clients as its vague.

Can be beneficial if used correctly if subject to approval as it offers a collaborative approach on site with the clients best interests at first.

35
Q

When specifying materials, what are the dimensions of materials availability?

A
  1. Physical availability
  2. Financial availability
  3. Environmental availability
36
Q

What are the performance requirements when selecting materials?

A
  1. Statutory compliance
  2. Durability
  3. Function
  4. Aesthetics
  5. Maintenance
37
Q

What is sustainable design?

A

Sustainable design aims to aid sustainability through material choice which covers:

  1. Embodied energy (locally sourced materials)
  2. Life span (long life / durable materials)
  3. Recyclability
  4. Sustainable technologies
  5. Flexible design (allow for future change)

Should aim to create a cradle to cradle approach appose to cradle to grave.

38
Q

How are materials selected?

A

Clients requirements
Aesthetics (Quality/Form)
Costs (Cost)
Availability (Time)

And

Functional requirements
Statute
Durability etc

39
Q

Whats the difference between Form and Function?

A

Form - How it looks i.e. Aesthetics
Function - How it performs

Generally form should always follow function.

40
Q

Tell me about function?

A

Function - How something performs. The functional requirements of a project should be established which will therefore dictate material specification.

Client requirements, statutory requirements, fit for purpose, durability.

i.e. a client wants a scratch resistant floor covering. Designer may propose a carpet floor covering appose to timber.

41
Q

Tell me about form?

A

Form - the requirements of how the end product will look. Finishes etc.

There is some statute in form within Planning Permission.

42
Q

What are the properties of Function?

A

Conformance to statutory requirements

Conformance to client requirements

Performance (i.e. resistance to deterioration and is it suitable for intended purpose )

43
Q

What are the properties of Form?

A

Appearance / Optical qualities (Shape, Size, Layout, Workmanship and Material)

44
Q

Why are joints within designs/details so important?

A

It is unlikely that you will build a building from one component therefore they’re everywhere and important to construction.

They provide:

Connections between different materials
Structural Load Transition
Weather proofing
Movement allowance
Heat transition
Fire integrity 
Sound attenuation
45
Q

Technical drawings and information must aim to:

A

Provide visual representation and precise information to build.

46
Q

What is architectural detailing and what is structural detailing?

A

Architectural Detailing:
Aims to define the character of the building to allow the building to be built correctly from concept to on site.

Structural Detailing:
Aims to provide structural performance for the building from concept to on site.

47
Q

What is the purpose of a specification/SofW?

A

Elaborates on the drawings.

Provides quality descriptors.

Allows tenders to bid on an equal basis.

Forms part of the contract.

General Knowledge (22 decks)

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