Dermatology Flashcards
Describe what transient neonatal pustular melanosis looks like.
surrounding erythema everywhere but hands/feet, vesicles rupture leaving collarete scale –> hyperpigmentation –> lasts for months
Which neonatal lesion is seen at birth, which is later (when)?
TNPM - at birth ET - day 1; goes away 2/3 wks SubQ fat necrosis - 1-6 weeks Neonatal acne/neonatal cephalic pustulosis -2wks to 3mo Seborrheic derm - 2wks to 1yr Infantile acne 3mo --> 3/4 yrs
Which neonatal rash has eosinophils? which has neutrophils?
Eos erythema toxicum
Neuts TNPM
What is causing agent for neonatal cephalic pustulosis?
malassezia furfur
P. ovale
What causes neonatal acne?
excessive maternal androgen
Cause of seborrheic dermatitis
P. ovale
Pattern: pustules at day 1
erythema toxicum
Pattern: Papules and pustules on cheek and skin with comedones
neonatal acne
Pattern: Pattern papules and pustules on face and neck without comedones at 3weeks age
neonatal cephalic pustulosis
Pattern: If infantile acne is so severe what do you think of?
abnormal Androgen source such as congenital adrenal
Pattern: bad peeling, mouth, butt, extensor of extremities and fingers/toes, irritable, FTT, diarrhea, alopecia
acrodermatitis enteropathica
Pattern: at 1-6 weeks, firm, indurated, non-tender plaque with cellulitic erythema
Sub Q fat necrosis
What is a cause of subQ fat necrosis?
hypercalcemia, irritability, constipation, FTT, seizures
Pattern: at 3 weeks, greasy, yellow scale on scalp, midface, groin, trunk
seborrheic dermatitis
How do you treat neonatal acne?
benzo peroxide, antibiotics
How do you treat neonatal cephalic pustulosis?
topical antifungals
How do you treat acrodermatitis enteropathica
give zn
How do you treat seborrheic dermatitis
zinc or selenium to kill p. ovale and hydrocortisone
How do you treat subQ fat necrosis
diuretics to decrease Ca2+ , decr Ca2+ in diet, corticosteroids
What is time course of regular hemangioma
present in 1st few months of life, grows rapidly first 6 months, starts involuting after 1st yr by 10%/yr
Periorbital hemangioma can cause what?
amblyopia
Beard hemangioma can cause what?
recurrent croup, upper airway problem
Lumbosacral hemangioma can be a sign of what?
tethered cord, spinal fusion
Sacral/perineal hemangioma can be a sign of what?
renal and GU abnormalities
Liver hemangioma can cause what?
CHF, anemia, thrombocytopenia (trapping)
Large segmental or liver hemangioma can be associated with what?
hypothyroidism
What is first line treatment for hemangiomas?
beta blockers
What are SE of beta blockers?
Hypoglycemia, hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm
Besides the generic barrier cream, steroids/propanolol, analgesics, and abx for ulcerated hemangioma, what is the distinct treatment that can be given for this?
Platelet derived growth factors
Patter: tufted angioma at 3 weeks of life, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Kasaback-Meritt
What must you do if you see multiple hemagiomas of skin?
Get MRI and liver US
Pattern: posterior fossa syndrome, aortic arch, micro-ophthalmia, sternal clefting, arterial anomalies such as internal carotid problems leading to stroke, hemangiomas (V1)
PHACES
Suspicious for PHACES, what must you do?
MRI/MRA, ECHO, optho, neuro consult
Pattern: Unilateral large purple stain at birth that darkens and thickens causing plaque
port-wine stain
What is a Rx for port-wine stain
pulse dye laser
What eye problem do you worry about with Sturge Weber?
glaucoma, need MRI w/ contrast and ophtho consult
What are some calcineurin inhibitor?
tacrolimus, pimocrolimus
What is severe SE of calcineurin inhibitor?
can cause cancer if used for long time
If patient presents with lots of and prolonged seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, what should you also think about?
Langerhan, immunodeficiencies, biotin deficiency and organic acidemia, psoriasis, tinea capitas, atopic dermatitis and eczema
Steroid dose for lesions on face, groin, axillae, trunk, extremities
low potency 1%
Steroid dose for lesion that are severe on palms and soles
high potency
What is the risk factor for atopic dermatitis?
Hx, FHx of atopy (asthma or allergic rhinitis)
Pattern: pruritic, chornic or relapsing skin skin in infant everywhere but groin and axillae.
Atopic dermatitis
What does atopic dermatitis predispose you too?
Staph, HSV, warts, molluscum
What should you consider if atopic dermatitis is severe and early onset?
Food allergy, associated atopy
Pattern: school aged children, hypopigmented plaques with indistinct borders on cheeks and chin
Pityriasis alba
Pattern: firm, skin-colored or erythematous papules on lateral upper arms, anterior upper thighs, cheeks
Mechanical removal, salicyclic/lactic acid topical, RA
Pattern: coined shape lesions on leg that itches, can get excoriated.
Nummular eczema
Rx for nummular eczema
antifungal
What happens if you put steroids on nummular eczema?
fungus will proliferate
Difference between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis
Irritant - lip licker, diaper
Allergic Type IV poison oak/ivy
Pattern: edema, papules, vesicles, oozing, crusting, scaling, thickened skin, chronic lichenification, fissuring
Allergic contact dermatitis
Rx for allergic contact dermatitis
avoidance, topical CS, topical calcineurin inhibitor for 1-4 weeks, oral CS if severe
What test can be done for allergic contact dermatitis?
patch testing
Pattern: redness, cracking, peeling of weight-bearing surface
juvenile plantar dermatosis
What is cause of juvenile plantar dermatosis?
secondary to repeated maceration and dry
Rx for juvenile plantar dermatosis.
emollient, topical steroids
Name 4 types of tinea capitis
1) scale with alopecia + auricular lymph nodes
2) black-dot tinea - spores in hair shaft (hair falls off)
3) Seborrheic w/out hair loss
4) Kerion - inflammatory, hair loss, fever, increased WBC, flu-like, with fever, adenopathy
Pattern: abscess with hair loss
Tinea capitis kerion
Rx for tinea capitis kerios
Systemic antifungal +/- oral CS
Cause of tinea capitis
90% trich tonsurans, 10% microsporum canis
Fomites or contact person
What is woods lamp useful in detecting with tinea?
Microsporum canis, not useful for T. tonsurans
Main Rx for tinea capitis
1) Griseofulvin which is fungistatic
2) Topical selenium or ketoconazole
3) Terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole (all reservoir meds), last two can cause drug interactions
What does griseofulvin have to be given with?
fatty meal
SE of griseofulvin
hepatitis, fatty liver, decrease OCP
Pattern: foot dermatitis on weight bearing surface
Juvenile plantar dermatosis
Pattern: foot dermatitis in interdigital, arch
tinea pedis
Pattern: foot dermatitis on dorsum of foot
contact derm
Pattern: scaly, raised erythematous margin +/- central clearing on body
Tinea corporis
Dx for tinea corporis
KOH will how hyphae with spores