derm ID Flashcards
fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivis, koplik’s spots, erythematous macules and papules that start on face and spread cephalo-caudad
measles/rubeola
neuro complication assc’d with measles?
acute encephalitis
prodrome of URI sx, followed by pruritic, pink to red macules and papules that begin on face and spread to trunk/extremities over 24 hrs
rubella (german measles)
slapped red cheeks, lacelike eruption on trunk and extremities, lasting 5-9 days
erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19)
mode of transmission of parvovirus B19
- respiratory secretions
- percutaneous exposure to blood
- vertical transmission
erythema infectiosum most common in what ages
age 4-10
high fever, URI sx, edema, as fever goes away a sudden rash appears
exanthem subitum (HHV6)
rash that is pink macules and papules surrounded by white halos, lasts 1-3 days
exanthem subitum (HHV6)
most common exanthem before age 2
exanthem subitum (HHV6)
erythematous erosions resembling apthae starting in mouth, then hands/feet, diaper area, buttocks, elbows
hand foot and mouth disease
hand foot and mouth disease is assocaited with which virus
coxsackievirus
hand foot and mouth disease more common in what popoulations
Asia; late summer and early fall
transmission of varicella
inhalation of respiratory secretions or contact with skin lesions
where does varicella tend to start
on face
what is molluscum contagiosum caused by
dsDNA pox virus
umbilicated dom-shaped papules that may auto-inoculate from one part of the body to another; resolve in 6-9 months
molluscum contagiosum
monomorphous pink to red-brown papules or papulovesicles; symmetric distribution, extensor surfaces of extremities and buttocks; pruritic; self limited; age 6 mon-15 yrs
gianotti crosti syndrome
Adolescents, herald patch that looks like ringworm, seen in the winter, christmas tree pattern following relaxed skin tension lines
pityriasis rosea
when HPV infects basal keratinocytes of skin and mucosa epithelia, causing hyperplasia of epithelium
warts
chronic bacterial infxn caused by corynbacterium minutissimum; often in toes, groin, axilla; red or brown sharply demarcated plaque
erythrasma (red spot)
tx of erythrasma (red spot)
benzoyl peroxide + topical erythromycin soln
most common superficial bacterial skin infx
impetigo
lesions begin as papules surrounded by erythema, progress to pustules that break down to form large honey colored crusts
non-bullous impetigo
ulcerative form of impetigo with lesions that extend thru epidermis into dermis
ecthyma
pathogen that causes folliculitis and furunculosis
S. aureus
when an obstructed hair follicle becomes tender, red, inflammatory nodule on face, neck, axilla when exposed to friction and perspiration
furunculosis
tx of furunculosis
tx draining wound with warm compresses/soaks
large abscess extending from an infected follicle into subcut fat; appearing at nape of neck
carbuncles
chronic suppurative infxn of apocrine sweat glands; can create sinus tracts; S aureus
hidradenitis suppurativa
presents as spreading, erythematous, non-fluctuant, tender plaque with poorly defined border
cellulitis
most common causal pathogens of cellulitis
GAS, staph aureus
tx of outpatients with non-purulent cellulitis is ____; vs tx of outpatients with purulent cellulitis is____
tx for GAS; tx for CA-MRSA
tx of inpatients with cellulitis
tx for HA-MRSA
superficial cellulitis with marked dermal lymphatic involvement
erysipelas
erysipelas is usu caused by
GAS
presents with pain, superficial erythema, plque like edema with sharply defined margin on LE or face
erysipelas
pastias lines, strawberry tongue, perioral pallor; rash starts on face; rash blanches on pressure
scarlet fever (GAS)
tx of scarlatina
PCN
neonates; starts with fever and tender scarlatiniform rash; 24-48 hrs later large clear bullae develop that gradually shed and leave red denuded base
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
high temp, low systolic BP, rash with subsequent, involves mulitple organ systems
toxic shock syndrome
tx of necrotizing fasciitis
- widespread debridement
- broad spectrum systemic Abx
- hyperbaric O2
poor prognostic factors for nec fasc (5)
- delay in dx
- age >50
- diabetes
- atherosclerosis
- infxn of trunk
sharply marginated annular plaque with central clearing and scaling at the edges; dermatophytosis of trunk and limbs
tinea corporis
patch of alopecia with black dots, which are hairs that have broken off at skin surface; occasionally pustules of the hair shaft–>kerion
tinea capitis
main age grp affected by tinea capitis
age 4-14 yo
tx of tinea capitis
oral griseofulvin
tx of onychomycosis
oral terbinafine x 12 weeks
appearrs as well demarcated hypo or hyper pigmeted lesions, usu on trunk; assymetric; recurs annually
tinea versicolor
spaghetti and meatballs pattern on KOH prepr
tinea versicolor
most common derm condition in infants
candidal diaper dermatitis
incr sebaceous gland activity, inflammatory rxn to malassezia species, affects scalp or neck creases, axilla
seborrheic dermatitis
tx of oral candidiasis
oral nystatin swish and swallow
most common place to find nits (lice)?
retroauricular and occipital scalp
caused by rickettia rickettsii; rash begins on wrists and ankle, found in those who reside near wooded areas; related to ticks
rocky mountain spotted fever
