Definitions 4B

Question 1

Interphase

Answer 1

The first stage of the
eukaryotic cell cycle which involves
cellular growth and duplication of
chromosomes. Composed of three
phases: G1, S, and G2

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Chromosome a structure
composed of DNA tightly wrapped
around histone proteins. Carries
the genetic information (genes)
of a cell

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Mitosis the second stage of
the eukaryotic cell cycle, which
involves the complete separation
of sister chromatids and nuclei

Question 4

Sister chromatids

Answer 4

Sister chromatids the two
identical halves of a replicated
chromosome

Question 5

Cytokinesis

Answer 5

The division of the
cytoplasm and formation of two
daughter cells

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

Chromosomes
(DNA and proteins) that have
been unwound and loosely packed
during interphase

Question 7

Quiescent

Answer 7

dormant cells which
can re-enter the cell cycle

Question 8

terminally differentiated

Answer 8

cells
that have fully specialised and no
longer replicate

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

one half of a double-stranded
chromosome

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

the structure which
holds sister chromatids together

Question 11

Somatic cells

Answer 11

any cell that is
not a reproductive cell (such as
sperm and egg cells). Somatic cells
contain two sets of chromosomes
– one inherited from each parent

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

cells or organisms
that have two sets of
chromosomes (2n)

Question 13

Daughter cell

Answer 13

the formation of a
new cell following cell replication

Question 14

Chromosome condensation

Answer 14

the shortening and thickening of
chromosomes, as DNA is tightly
wrapped around histone proteins

Question 15

Centrioles cylindrical structures

Answer 15

composed of protein which form
the spindle fibres during mitosis
and meiosis

Question 16

spindle fibres

Answer 16

structures
which aid in the movement of
chromosomes to either pole of the
cell during mitosis and meiosis

Question 17

cleavage furrow

Answer 17

an indentation
of the plasma membrane during
cytokinesis

Question 18

cell plate

Answer 18

a component involved in
the formation of a cell wall