4D Stem cells

Question 1

What?

Answer 1

Undifferentiated cells with the capability of differentiating into specialised
cells with a particular function.

Question 2

Two properties of stem cells - identify + outline

Answer 2

1. Self-renewal (stem cells can replicate into both a differentiated and undifferentiated cell)
2. Differentiation (undifferentiated cells which give rise to differentiated cells with specialised functions)

Question 3

Identify + Outline Stem cell potency

Answer 3

1. Totipotent

Stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type (e.g. zygote)

2. Pluripotent

stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types (e.g. embryonic stem cells)

3. Multipotent

Stem cells that can differentiate into a limited number of cell types that belong to a specific tissue/organ (e.g. adult stem cells)

Question 4

Differentiation of stem cells into three primary germ layers

Answer 4

1. Ectoderm

• Neuron
• Skin cells
• Pigment cells

2. Mesoderm:

• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Red blood cells
• Bone cells

3. Endoderm:

• Stomach cells
• Pancreatic cells
• Liver cells