Definitions Flashcards
Research method
A process, technique, or strategy used to collect data for analysis.
Semi-structured interview
Research method combining pre-determined open-ended questions with the flexibility to explore the participant’s responses in greater depth.
Informed consent
Process where participants agree to take part in the study after being fully informed about its purpose, procedures, and their rights.
Debriefing
Informing the participants of the details of the study after their participation, ensuring they leave without distress.
MSM
States that memory consists of a number of different locations in which memory is stored.
DPM
States that there are two basic ways of thinking: System 1, automatic/intuitive, or System 2, concious/rational
WMM
States that there are different stores in short term memory for visual and auditory processes.
FBM
States that emotionally significant events create vivid, long lasting memories.
Schema theory
States that humans process incoming knowledge, relate it to existing knowledge, and use it.
Cognitive bias
Patterns of thinking and decision making that are consistent, but inaccurate.
Heuristic
Mental shortcut. Simple rule applied with little to no thought that generates a quick answer.
Framing bias
People decide on options based on if the options are presented negatively or positively.
Cognitive process
Mental operation involves in acquiring, processing, and using information.
Reconstructive memory
The theory that memories are not exact recordings but reconstructed using prior beliefs, knowledge, and experiences, which can lead to distortions.
Memory
The process of encoding and retrieving information, allowing individuals to retain and use past experiences.
Thinking
The process of using knowledge and information to make plans, and interpret the world.
Decision-making
The process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on one’s own values and preferences - is a component of thinking.
Schema
Mental structure that helps organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge.
Recency effect
Ability to recall words that have just been spoken.
Phonological loop
STM’s auditory component, needs rehearsal in this to remember.
