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deficiency Flashcards

1
Q

how common is A def in developing countries

A

V common - most preventable cause of night blindness!

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2
Q

subclinical A s/s

A

cysts on endocrine glands
reduced skin integrity(dry/acne/eczema/poor healing)
dry hair
poor taste/smell
low immunity (reduced neutrophil/NK cell function)
more allergies

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3
Q

what could happen to baby if A low in pregnancy

A

could have problems in reproductive tract or low growth hormone could mean tiny baby

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4
Q

A serious deficiency s/s

A

1st loss sensitivity to green light
then night blindness
then xeropthalmia

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5
Q

How quickly can thiamin deficiency occur

A

Within days of thiamin-free diet as little stored in the body

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6
Q

B1 deficiency mainly affects which body system

A

CNS

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7
Q

Sub clinical thiamin deficiency s/s

A 
Fatigue
Depression
Headaches
Memory loss
Confusion
Muscle weakness
GIT disorders
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8
Q

Clinical thiamin deficiency symptoms

A

1 beri beri
Dry - weakness, inability to walk, no reflexes, muscle/feet numbness, muscle pain
Wet - also right heart failure & oedema

Wernicke’s encephalopathy with korsakoffs psychosis (linked to alcohol) NS lesions, confusion, memory loss

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9
Q

does riboflavin deficiency often occur alone

A

no, as linked with metabolism of many other vits

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10
Q

5 s/s riboflavin deficiency

A 
ariboflavinosis - bright pink tongue
lesions at corners of mouth/round lips
scaly dermatitis (around mouth, nose, eyes, ears)
conjunctivitis
impairment of lipid metabolism
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11
Q

2 different situations that could lead to niacin def

A

enzymes that catabolise niacin disrupted by stress, toxins, carcinogens
deficient in B6,2 & iron as needed to synthesise from tryptophan

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12
Q

early s/s niacin def

A 
scaly dark skin
nausea
fatigue
headaches
insomnia
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13
Q

serious niacin def - from protein/niacin-deficient diet

A 
pellagra  - 
diarrhoea
dermatitis
dementia
depression
death
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14
Q

which amino acid contributes to niacin deficiency

A

leucine - prevents conversion of tryptophan to niacin

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15
Q

s/s pantothenic acid def

A 
v rare
fatigue
GI stress
neurological disturbances
paresthesia
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16
Q

pyridoxine def s/s

A 
hormonal imbalances - PMS/fluid retention
acne, facial oiliness, skin lesions
glossitis
fatigue, low blood sugar
anaemia
high homocysteine
atherosclerosis
confusion, depression, insomnia
anorexia,nausea
low immunity
17
Q

what is glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

18
Q

is D def common?

A

pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc

19
Q

2 conditions most ass with D def

A

Rickets

osteomalacia - adult version

20
Q

not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses

A

autoimmune

21
Q

subclinical D s/s

A 
osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth
hyperparathyroidism
poor immunity
cramps diarrhoea
insomnia/ nervousness
turning in mouth/throat
increased FSH/LH production
22
Q

is D def common?

A

pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc

23
Q

2 conditions most ass with D def

A

Rickets

osteomalacia - adult version

24
Q

not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses

A

autoimmune

25
Q

subclinical D s/s

A 
osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth
hyperparathyroidism
poor immunity
cramps diarrhoea
insomnia/ nervousness
turning in mouth/throat
increased FSH/LH production
26
Q

is E def easy to diagnose

A

no - as Es effects so diverse

27
Q

s/s deficiency

A

could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane
poss DNA damage
poss decreased energy production in mitochondria

28
Q

is E def easy to diagnose

A

no - as Es effects so diverse

29
Q

s/s E deficiency

A

could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane
poss DNA damage
poss decreased energy production in mitochondria

30
Q

how common is full K def

A

rare - apart from few newborns - at risk of fatal hemorrhagic disease - K injection

31
Q

K insufficiency might lead to what

A

slowed blood clotting ^ risk hemorrhage

32
Q

s/s K def (subclinical)

A

hemorrhagic disorders - easy bruising, GIT bleeding, haematuria, nose bleeds
lower bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis
joint hyper mobility
cognitive impairment

33
Q

deficiency of folate in pregnancy can cause

A

neural tube defects/spina bifida

34
Q

what 2 processes does folate deficiency impair

A

cell division

protein synthesis

35
Q

which type of cells are first affecting by a folate deficiency

A

fast dividing cells - RBCs and GI tract cells

36
Q

s/s folate def

A 
Anaemia (megaloblastic)
GI tract deterioration
Hyperhomhocysteinaemia 
Other s/s
weakness
depression
dermatologic lesions
poor growth
37
Q

why hyperhomocysteinaemia in folate def

A

as no folate to convert homocysteine back into methionine = ^ risk CV disease

Vitamins (13 decks)

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