deficiency Flashcards
how common is A def in developing countries
V common - most preventable cause of night blindness!
subclinical A s/s
cysts on endocrine glands
reduced skin integrity(dry/acne/eczema/poor healing)
dry hair
poor taste/smell
low immunity (reduced neutrophil/NK cell function)
more allergies
what could happen to baby if A low in pregnancy
could have problems in reproductive tract or low growth hormone could mean tiny baby
A serious deficiency s/s
1st loss sensitivity to green light
then night blindness
then xeropthalmia
How quickly can thiamin deficiency occur
Within days of thiamin-free diet as little stored in the body
B1 deficiency mainly affects which body system
CNS
Sub clinical thiamin deficiency s/s
Fatigue Depression Headaches Memory loss Confusion Muscle weakness GIT disorders
Clinical thiamin deficiency symptoms
1 beri beri
Dry - weakness, inability to walk, no reflexes, muscle/feet numbness, muscle pain
Wet - also right heart failure & oedema
Wernicke’s encephalopathy with korsakoffs psychosis (linked to alcohol) NS lesions, confusion, memory loss
does riboflavin deficiency often occur alone
no, as linked with metabolism of many other vits
5 s/s riboflavin deficiency
ariboflavinosis - bright pink tongue lesions at corners of mouth/round lips scaly dermatitis (around mouth, nose, eyes, ears) conjunctivitis impairment of lipid metabolism
2 different situations that could lead to niacin def
enzymes that catabolise niacin disrupted by stress, toxins, carcinogens
deficient in B6,2 & iron as needed to synthesise from tryptophan
early s/s niacin def
scaly dark skin nausea fatigue headaches insomnia
serious niacin def - from protein/niacin-deficient diet
pellagra - diarrhoea dermatitis dementia depression death
which amino acid contributes to niacin deficiency
leucine - prevents conversion of tryptophan to niacin
s/s pantothenic acid def
v rare fatigue GI stress neurological disturbances paresthesia
pyridoxine def s/s
hormonal imbalances - PMS/fluid retention acne, facial oiliness, skin lesions glossitis fatigue, low blood sugar anaemia high homocysteine atherosclerosis confusion, depression, insomnia anorexia,nausea low immunity
what is glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
is D def common?
pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc
2 conditions most ass with D def
Rickets
osteomalacia - adult version
not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses
autoimmune
subclinical D s/s
osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth hyperparathyroidism poor immunity cramps diarrhoea insomnia/ nervousness turning in mouth/throat increased FSH/LH production
is D def common?
pandemic!
almost all institutionalised elderly
infants who are breastfed and kept out of sun…etc
2 conditions most ass with D def
Rickets
osteomalacia - adult version
not enough D can also lead to what type of illnesses
autoimmune
subclinical D s/s
osteoporosis/growth retardation/softening bones & teeth hyperparathyroidism poor immunity cramps diarrhoea insomnia/ nervousness turning in mouth/throat increased FSH/LH production
is E def easy to diagnose
no - as Es effects so diverse
s/s deficiency
could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane
poss DNA damage
poss decreased energy production in mitochondria
is E def easy to diagnose
no - as Es effects so diverse
s/s E deficiency
could affect any physiological processes that rely on integrity of cellular membrane
poss DNA damage
poss decreased energy production in mitochondria
how common is full K def
rare - apart from few newborns - at risk of fatal hemorrhagic disease - K injection
K insufficiency might lead to what
slowed blood clotting ^ risk hemorrhage
s/s K def (subclinical)
hemorrhagic disorders - easy bruising, GIT bleeding, haematuria, nose bleeds
lower bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis
joint hyper mobility
cognitive impairment
deficiency of folate in pregnancy can cause
neural tube defects/spina bifida
what 2 processes does folate deficiency impair
cell division
protein synthesis
which type of cells are first affecting by a folate deficiency
fast dividing cells - RBCs and GI tract cells
s/s folate def
Anaemia (megaloblastic) GI tract deterioration Hyperhomhocysteinaemia Other s/s weakness depression dermatologic lesions poor growth
why hyperhomocysteinaemia in folate def
as no folate to convert homocysteine back into methionine = ^ risk CV disease
