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Pathology and Immunity > Defence Cells > Flashcards

Defence Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are some examples of innate immune cells

A

monocytes
macrophages
mast cells
neutrophils
natural killer cells
eosinophils
basophils

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2
Q

what do all immune cells originate from

A

haemopoietic stem cells

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3
Q

what do the haemopoietic stem cells become

A

progenitor cells under two branches:
- myeloid and lymphoid progenitor

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4
Q

which cells come from myeloid progenitor cells

A

megakaryocytes
eosinophil
basophil
erythrocyte
monocyte
neutrophil

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5
Q

what do megakaryocyte form

A

platelets

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6
Q

what do monocytes form

A

dendritic cells and macrophages

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7
Q

what do lymphoid progenitor cells form

A

T cells
B cells
natural killer cells
innate lymphoid jcells

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8
Q

what do B cells form

A

plasma cells

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9
Q

what are the innate immune defence cells that have lymphoid origin

A

natural killer cells
innate immune cells

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10
Q

what are the innate immune defence cells that are of myeloid origin

A

mast cells
monocytes/macrophages
dendritic cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of a mast cell

A

dilates blood vessels and induces inflammation through release of histamines and heparin
involved in wound healing and defence against pathogens but can also be responsible for allergic reactions

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12
Q

what is location of mast cells

A

connective tissues and mucous membranes

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13
Q

what is this

A

a mast cell

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of a macrophage

A

phagocytic cell that consumes foreign pathogens and cancer cells
stimulates the response of other immune cells

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15
Q

location of macrophages

A

migrates from blood vessels into tissues

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16
Q

what is this

A

macrophage

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17
Q

what are the characteristics of natural killer cells

A

kills tumour cells and virus infected cells

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18
Q

what is the location of natural killer cells

A

circulates in blood and migrates into tissues

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19
Q

what is this

A

natural killer cell

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of dendritic cells

A

presents antigens on its surface, thereby triggering adaptive immunity

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21
Q

what is the location of dendritic cells

A

present in epithelial tissue, including skin, lung, and tissues of the digestive tract. migrates to lymph nodes upon activation

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22
Q

what is this

A

dendritic cell

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23
Q

what are the characteristics are monocytes

A

differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in response to inflammation

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24
Q

what is the location of monocytes

A

stored in spleen, moves through blood vessels to infected tissues

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25
what is this
monocyte
26
what are the characteristics of neutrophils
first responders at the site of infection or trauma 50-60% of all leukocytes releases toxins that kill or inhibit bacteria and fungi recruits other immune cells to the site of infection
27
what is the location of neutrophils
migrates from blood vessels into tissues
28
what is this
neutrophil
29
what are the characteristics of basophils
responsible for defense against parasites, releases histamines that cause inflammation and may be responsible for allergic reactions
30
what is the location of basophils
circulates in blood and migrates to tissues
31
what is this
basophil
32
what are the characteristics of eosinophils
releases toxins that kill bacteria and parasites but also causes tissue damage
33
what is the location of eosinophils
circulates in blood and migrates to tissues
34
what is this
eosinophil
35
what are the precursors of macrophages
monocytes
36
what do monocytes differentiate into
macrophages
37
what is this
macrophage
38
what are the granules in granulocytes
antimicrobial peptides
39
which defence school is an early responder to infection
mast cells
40
what is this
mast cell
41
why are there granules in neutrophils
to produce neutrophil extracellular traps that form nets to encapsulate the microorganism to prevent it spreading and causing infection spiderman of your body
42
what is this
neutrophil
43
are natural killer large or small structures
large
44
what do natural killer cells do
abnormal cells tumours viral infected cells
45
how many subsets of innate lymphoid cells are there
three
46
what are innate lymphoid cells
non cytotoxic members of the natural killer cell family
47
what type of defence cell are langerhans cells examples of
dendritic cells
48
what is the responsibility of dendritic cells
bridging innate and adaptive immunity
49
what do dendritic cells activate
t cells and b cells
50
what is the activated function of dendritic cells
antigen uptake in peripheral sites and antigen presentation
51
which cells are adaptive immunity
b cells and t cells
52
which cells are innate immunity
granulocytes
53
what are langerhans cells
dendritic cells that are antigen presenting. found in the skin
54
what forms the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses
dendritic cells
55
where do t cells mature
the thymus
56
what do t cells give rise to
cellular immunity
57
where are t cells found
in the blood and lymph large numbers found in lymphoid organs
58
what are t cells evolved for
protection against intracellular microbes and to help b cell responses
59
why are their checkpoints in place
to prevent t cells responding to self peptides
60
what are the different subsets of t cells
t helper cells cytotoxic t cells regulatory t cells
61
what are t helper cells
function to help support other immune cells to fight threads
62
what are the types of t helper cells
TH1 TH2 TH17 TFH
63
what are cytotoxic t cells
these t cells destroy our own cells which have become infected, and are usually virus related
64
what are regulatory t cells
these t cells regulate or suppress other cells in the immune system
65
what do all t cells begin as
naive t cells
66
what happens to t cells as they develop
they start out as naive t cells that undergo programming to determine their subset. this is driven through DC-T cell interactions
67
what is the main function of b cells
to communicate with t cells and produce antibodies
68
what do b cells have specific receptors
antibodies
69
what are the subsets of b cells
plasma cells memory b cells
70
what are plasma cells
great big antibody factories
71
what are memory b cells
mount quicker antibody response to any subsequent infections
72
can b cells antigen present
yes
73
which defence cells produce antibodies
b lymphocytes

Pathology and Immunity (16 decks)

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