Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology and Immunity > Defence Cells > Flashcards

Defence Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what are some examples of innate immune cells

A

monocytes
macrophages
mast cells
neutrophils
natural killer cells
eosinophils
basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do all immune cells originate from

A

haemopoietic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do the haemopoietic stem cells become

A

progenitor cells under two branches:
- myeloid and lymphoid progenitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which cells come from myeloid progenitor cells

A

megakaryocytes
eosinophil
basophil
erythrocyte
monocyte
neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do megakaryocyte form

A

platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do monocytes form

A

dendritic cells and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do lymphoid progenitor cells form

A

T cells
B cells
natural killer cells
innate lymphoid jcells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do B cells form

A

plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the innate immune defence cells that have lymphoid origin

A

natural killer cells
innate immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the innate immune defence cells that are of myeloid origin

A

mast cells
monocytes/macrophages
dendritic cells
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the characteristics of a mast cell

A

dilates blood vessels and induces inflammation through release of histamines and heparin
involved in wound healing and defence against pathogens but can also be responsible for allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is location of mast cells

A

connective tissues and mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is this

A

a mast cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the characteristics of a macrophage

A

phagocytic cell that consumes foreign pathogens and cancer cells
stimulates the response of other immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

location of macrophages

A

migrates from blood vessels into tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is this

A

macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the characteristics of natural killer cells

A

kills tumour cells and virus infected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the location of natural killer cells

A

circulates in blood and migrates into tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is this

A

natural killer cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the characteristics of dendritic cells

A

presents antigens on its surface, thereby triggering adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the location of dendritic cells

A

present in epithelial tissue, including skin, lung, and tissues of the digestive tract. migrates to lymph nodes upon activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is this

A

dendritic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the characteristics are monocytes

A

differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells in response to inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the location of monocytes

A

stored in spleen, moves through blood vessels to infected tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is this

A

monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the characteristics of neutrophils

A

first responders at the site of infection or trauma
50-60% of all leukocytes
releases toxins that kill or inhibit bacteria and fungi
recruits other immune cells to the site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the location of neutrophils

A

migrates from blood vessels into tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is this

A

neutrophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the characteristics of basophils

A

responsible for defense against parasites, releases histamines that cause inflammation and may be responsible for allergic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the location of basophils

A

circulates in blood and migrates to tissues

31
Q

what is this

A

basophil

32
Q

what are the characteristics of eosinophils

A

releases toxins that kill bacteria and parasites but also causes tissue damage

33
Q

what is the location of eosinophils

A

circulates in blood and migrates to tissues

34
Q

what is this

A

eosinophil

35
Q

what are the precursors of macrophages

A

monocytes

36
Q

what do monocytes differentiate into

A

macrophages

37
Q

what is this

A

macrophage

38
Q

what are the granules in granulocytes

A

antimicrobial peptides

39
Q

which defence school is an early responder to infection

A

mast cells

40
Q

what is this

A

mast cell

41
Q

why are there granules in neutrophils

A

to produce neutrophil extracellular traps that form nets to encapsulate the microorganism to prevent it spreading and causing infection
spiderman of your body

42
Q

what is this

A

neutrophil

43
Q

are natural killer large or small structures

A

large

44
Q

what do natural killer cells do

A

abnormal cells
tumours
viral infected cells

45
Q

how many subsets of innate lymphoid cells are there

A

three

46
Q

what are innate lymphoid cells

A

non cytotoxic members of the natural killer cell family

47
Q

what type of defence cell are langerhans cells examples of

A

dendritic cells

48
Q

what is the responsibility of dendritic cells

A

bridging innate and adaptive immunity

49
Q

what do dendritic cells activate

A

t cells and b cells

50
Q

what is the activated function of dendritic cells

A

antigen uptake in peripheral sites and antigen presentation

51
Q

which cells are adaptive immunity

A

b cells and t cells

52
Q

which cells are innate immunity

A

granulocytes

53
Q

what are langerhans cells

A

dendritic cells that are antigen presenting. found in the skin

54
Q

what forms the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses

A

dendritic cells

55
Q

where do t cells mature

A

the thymus

56
Q

what do t cells give rise to

A

cellular immunity

57
Q

where are t cells found

A

in the blood and lymph
large numbers found in lymphoid organs

58
Q

what are t cells evolved for

A

protection against intracellular microbes and to help b cell responses

59
Q

why are their checkpoints in place

A

to prevent t cells responding to self peptides

60
Q

what are the different subsets of t cells

A

t helper cells
cytotoxic t cells
regulatory t cells

61
Q

what are t helper cells

A

function to help support other immune cells to fight threads

62
Q

what are the types of t helper cells

A

TH1
TH2
TH17
TFH

63
Q

what are cytotoxic t cells

A

these t cells destroy our own cells which have become infected, and are usually virus related

64
Q

what are regulatory t cells

A

these t cells regulate or suppress other cells in the immune system

65
Q

what do all t cells begin as

A

naive t cells

66
Q

what happens to t cells as they develop

A

they start out as naive t cells that undergo programming to determine their subset. this is driven through DC-T cell interactions

67
Q

what is the main function of b cells

A

to communicate with t cells and produce antibodies

68
Q

what do b cells have specific receptors

A

antibodies

69
Q

what are the subsets of b cells

A

plasma cells
memory b cells

70
Q

what are plasma cells

A

great big antibody factories

71
Q

what are memory b cells

A

mount quicker antibody response to any subsequent infections

72
Q

can b cells antigen present

A

yes

73
Q

which defence cells produce antibodies

A

b lymphocytes

Pathology and Immunity (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions