deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Flashcards
1
Q
Describe virchows triad
A
- Stasis
- Hypercoagulability
- Endothelial damage
2
Q
What is the main concern with a DVT
A
The thrombus embolising and moving to the lungs to become a pulmonary embolism which will block the pulmonary circulation
3
Q
What is used to prevent venous thromboembolism in the hospital
A
- Early mobilisation
- Anti-embolisation stocking
- Pharmalogical thromboprophylaxis
4
Q
What is the presentation of DVT
A
- Unlilateral limb swelling
- Persisting discomfort
- Calf tenderness
- Warmth
- Erythema
- Prominent collateral veins
- Unilateral pitting oedema
5
Q
What investigations are done for DVT
A
- Wells score
- D dimer test
- Ultrasound
6
Q
What is D-dimer
A
Breakdown product of fibrin - during fibrinolysis - sign of clot
7
Q
What is the presentation of a Pulmonary embolism
A
- Pleuritic chest pain (stabbing)
- Dyspnoea
- Haemoptysis
- Tachycardia
- pleural rub
8
Q
What signs are indicative of pulmonary embolism
A
- Sudden onset severe dyspnoea
- collapse
- cyanosis
- tachycardia
- low blood pressure
- raised JVP
9
Q
What is the treatment for DVT or PE
A
- anticoagulation for 3 months if provoked
- Life long anticoagulation if high risk of reocurrence
10
Q
When is thrombolysis indicated for PE
A
- In massive pulmonary embolisms, thrombolysis such as alteplase can be used
