chronic heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
What is the presentation of heart failure
A
- Breathlessness
- Fatigue
- Oedema
- tachycardia
- raised JVP
- chest crepitations
- displaced apex beat
2
Q
Why does a low BNP suggest no heart failure
A
BNP is usually elevated in heart failure - 1st line screening test
3
Q
What is the treatment for heart failure
A
- Diuretics
- ACEi
- Betablockers
- Aldosterone receptor blockers such as spironolactone
4
Q
What are the types of heart failure
A
- Left vetricular systolic dysfunction - decreased pumping of the left side of the heart which results in fluid back into the lungs and heart failure
- Left ventricular diastolic - thick stiff heart which does not fill properly which leads to fluid backup in the heart
5
Q
Describe the viscious cycle of heart failure in regards to the RAAS system
A
- Low blood pressure and less blood being pumped around the body
- Lower egfr
- RAAS activated
- increased Na/Cl and water retention
- Oedema
6
Q
What is the main treatment of heart failure
A
- Loop diuretics - furosemide - reduce the Na/Cl retention
7
Q
How does ACEi treat heart failure
A
Ramipril - blocks ACE 1 - ACE2 which reduces the preload and afterload on the heart
8
Q
When should beta blockers be used in heart failure
A
When the patient is stable and not during acute attack
9
Q
What is the therapeutic regime for heart failure
A
- Furosemid with or without thiazide
- ACEi
- ARB
- ARNI
- beta blocker with or without ivabradine
- Spironolactone
- Digoxin
- Warfarin
