deck_5703365 Flashcards
What are the 3 coverings of the kidney from the outside in? In which layer are the suprarenal glands enclosed?
- Paranephric adipose tissue2. Renal fascia***3. Perinephric adipose tissue (outside of renal capsule)
What is special about lumbar vertebrae?
Larger than any other vertebrae and bodies increase in size as you go down the vertebral column
What are the inferior and superior boundaries of the posterior abdominal wall?
L1 and S1 intervertebral discs
Surface of sacrum?
Anterior: concavePosterior: convex
What parts of the pelvic bone are part of the posterior abdominal wall?
Medial side of iliac fossae
What ribs are part of the posterior abdominal wall? How are they unique?
Ribs 11 and 12 Do not articulate with sternum, one single articular facet on head, no neck, no tubercle
Position of ribs in relation to kidneys?
Rib 11: posterior to superior part of left kidneyRib 12: posterior to superior part of both kidneys
Which of the 2 ribs serves as a point of attachment for numerous muscles and ligaments?
Rib 12
Differences between right and left kidneys?
- Right one is lower than left (because of liver)2. Left one is longer and more slender
Vertebral levels of kidneys when in supine position?
Right: L1 to L4Left: T12 to L3
What 5 structures are in contact with the anterior surface of the right kidney? Indicate which ones are separate from kidney by a layer of peritoneum.
- Right suprarenal gland (small part of the superior pole)2. **Liver (a large part of the rest of the upper part)3. Descending part of the duodenum (middle medial part)4. Right colic flexure (inferior pole on lateral side)5. **Intraperitoneal small intestine (inferior pole on small intestine)
What 6 structures are in contact with the anterior surface of the left kidney? Indicate which ones are separate from kidney by a layer of peritoneum.
- Left suprarenal gland (small part of the superior pole)2. **Stomach and spleen (a large part of the rest of the upper part) 3. Pancreas (middle part) 4. Left colic flexure (middle lateral part) 5. Descending colon (lower lateral part)6. **Jejunum (lower medial part)
What is in contact with both kidneys on posterior surface? 6 structures. What is posteriorly located but not in direct contact?
- Diaphragm2. Ribs (see other flashcard)3. Psoas major, quadratus lomborum, and transversus abdomonis (medial to lateral)4. Subcostal VAN5. Iliohypogastric nerve6. Ilio-inguinal nerve+ Costodiaphragmatic recesses
How are the kidneys and suprarenal glands separated?
Thin septum
What happens to the renal fascia laterally?
Anterior and posterior flaps of renal fascia fuse and may connect to the transversalis fascia
What happens to the renal fascia superiorly?
Anterior and posterior flaps of renal fascia fuse and blend with the fascia that covers the diaphragm
What happens to the renal fascia medially?
- Anterior layer: extends over the vessels of the renal hilum and fuses with connective tissue associated with aorta and IVC (may also connect to the renal fascia from the opposite side)2. Posterior layer: fuses with fascia covering the quadratus lomborum
What happens to the renal fascia inferiorly?
Covers the ureters
Where does adipose tissue accumulate around the kidneys?
Postero and posterolaterally
Other name for renal fascia?
Gerota’s fascia
Location of laparotomy for kidney surgery?
Flank region on the posterior-lateral side of kidneys (sometimes from anterior surface)
4 components of urinary system?
- Kidneys2. Ureters3. Urinary bladder4. Urethra
Is the urethra shorter in males or females? Implication?
Females => more susceptible to UTIs and cystitis
Location of ureters as they descend in posterior abdominal wall? What does displacement mean?
Medially at the level of the vertebral transverse processes anterior to the psoas major Displacement = pathology