deck_5687596 Flashcards
What is the largest internal organ and gland of the body? How much does it weigh?
LIVERWeighs 1.5 kg
What gives stool its color?
The break down products of RBCs are eliminated in bile and gives the stool its characteristic dark color
Regions occupied by liver?
Right AND LEFT hypochondrium and epigastric regions
What is the bare area of the liver?
Part of liver in direct contact with diaphragm (rest is covered by peritoneum) on the liver’s superior/posterior aspect where visceral peritoneum reflects back around the margins of the borders and becomes parietal peritoneum
What are the coronary ligaments?
Ligaments made of peritoneum forming the borders of the bare area of the liver:1. Anterior border: anterior coronary ligament2. Posterior border: posterior coronary ligament3. Lateral borders: left and right triangular ligaments (where ant and post ligaments come together)
6 structures located inferior to liver aka relating to its visceral surface? List from lateral to medial (right to left).
- Right colic flexure and right transverse colon2. Gallbladder3. Lesser omentum4. Superior part of duodenum5. Esophagus 6. Right side of the anterior aspect of the stomach
2 structures located posterior to liver aka ALSO relating to its visceral surface?
- Right kidney and right adrenal gland2. IVC
What divides the liver into its right and left lobes? Which is larger?
Fossae for gallbladder and IVCRight lobe is larger
What is the right lobe of the liver divided into? Describe each. Which lobe of the liver does it relate to FUNCTIONALLY?
- Quadrate lobe: bounded on left by fissure for ligamentum teres and on right by fossa of gallbladder => functionally related to left lobe 2. Caudate lobe: bounded on left by fissure of ligamentum venosum and on right by groove of IVC => functionally related to neither
What is the hepatic triad?
3 most important vessels of liver:1. Hepatic artery2. Portal vein3. Common bile duct
Liver blood supply? % for each? L/min for each? Origin for each? Total % of CO?
- Right and left hepatic arteries (30% of the blood = 350mL/min): abdominal aorta => celiac trunk => common hepatic artery => hepatic artery proper => R/L hepatic arteries 2. Portal vein (70% of the blood = 1L/min): inferior mesenteric vein + splenic vein => + superior mesenteric vein => portal vein => right and left hepatic branches to enter hepatic sinusoids= 30% of CO
Pathway of biliary system?
Liver: right and left hepatic duct => common hepatic duct + cystic duct from gallbladder => common bile duct with sphincter + main pancreatic duct with sphincter => hepatopancreatic duct => major papilla of descending duodenum
2 lymph drainage pathways of liver?
FIRST WAY: Anterior diaphragmatic and visceral surface of liver + portal triad => superficial hepatic lymphatics => deep hepatic lymphatics at theporta hepatis => hepatic lymph nodes => celiac lymph nodes => chyle cisternSECOND WAY: Posterior diaphragmatic and visceral surface of liver => superficial hepatic lymphatics toward bare area of liver => phrenic lymph nodes OR deep hepatic lymphatics => posterior mediastinal lymph nodes => right lymphatic duct/thoracic duct
Location of deep hepatic lymphatics?
Accompany the hepatic arteries and portal vein to IVC
Location of superficial hepatic lymphatics?
Subperitoneal fibrous capsule of the liver = “Glisson’s capsule”
Location of hepatic lymph nodes?
Scattered throughout the lesser omentum
Lymphatic drainage of gallbladder? What does it follow?
Celiac lymph nodes (following cystic artery)
Diagnosis for hepatomegaly?
Measure length of liver at midclavicular line (>10-12 cm) or midsternal line (>6-8 cm) by using percussionsAND also feel liver beyond the diaphragm
5 fluids going in/out of liver?
- Arterial blood2. Portal blood3. Venous blood4. Bile5. Lymph
Does the liver have a mesentery?
NOPE
What is Morrison’s pouch? Other name?
Part of the peritoneal cavity on the right side between the liver and the right kidney and right suprarenal gland = hepatorenal recess
What are the 2 recesses of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver? Are these continuous?
- Hepatorenal recess2. Subphrenic recess YES, continuous anteriorly
What is the subphrenic recess?
It separates the diaphragmatic surface of the liver from the diaphragm and is divided into right and left areas by the falciform ligament
What is the falciform ligament derived from embryologically?
Derived from the ventral mesentery in the embryo