Deck 9 (Week 10)

Question 1

What is Multiple Sclerosis characterised by?
hint: myelin sheath related :D

Answer 1

MS is where demyelination occurs due to an inflammatory immune system disorder. Neural signals are hampered, affecting movment

Question 2

What is the most debilitating aspect of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 2

Constant fatigue and feelings of tiredness

Question 3

Apart from premature birth/complications during birth, how else might someone have Cerebral Palsy?

Answer 3

Someone can sustain Cerebral Palsy if they suffered from a head injury or meningitis (both before the age of 2).

Question 4

Name the 2 types of stroke:

Answer 4

Ischemic (blockage)
AND
Haemorrhagic (Cerebral)

Question 5

List some typical signs of Stroke

Answer 5

1) Impaired coordination
2) Numbness/weakness in face
3) Speech problems/cognition defects
4) Sudden severe headache
5) Confusion

Question 6

List as many co-morbities associated with ageing as you can:

Answer 6

hypertension, COPD, anaemia, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, arthritis, osteoporosis, heart disease, heart failure

Question 7

At what % does VO2max reduce per decade during ageing?

Answer 7

Reduces roughly at 8-10% per decade

1) increased arterial stiffness
2) reduced HRmax and stroke volume
3) reduced vital capacity (volume of exhaled air after maximal inspiration)

Question 8

What are some physical tests you can appropriately administer to someone in their 70’s or 80’s?

Answer 8

• Sit to stand
• Timed Up and Go
• Tandem Walk
• Step-ups
• 10m walk

Question 9

What are some symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 9

Fatigue (most prevalent)
- Spasticity
- Pain
- Numbness
- Onset of dementia

Question 10

What are some characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 10

• Degenerative disorder of the CNS
• Reduction in motor cortex stimulation
• More related to production of neurological signals (MS is more about transmission of signal through myelin sheath)

Question 11

Name some symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 11

1) Slowing of movement
2) Tremors
3) Muscle rigidity
4) Postural instability (FALLS RISK!)

Question 12

What is the most useful medication for treating Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 12

Corticosteroids as they can suppress the immune system.

Question 13

What should exercise aim to improve for Multiple Sclerosis patients?

Answer 13

To improve ROM and flexibility to reduce spasticity

To improve functional strength (heavy-lifting is a contradindication and is ill advised)

Improve aerobic capacity to maintain myelin integrity

Question 14

In terms of structuring an exercise program for a Multiple Sclerosis client, what would the frequency, time and intensity look like?

Answer 14

For endurance training: aim for 3x/week at 65-70%MHR

For strength: 3x/week with functionality focus

Question 15

What should Parkinson’s patients ultimately aim for in relation to using exercise as a treatment tool?

Answer 15

Attempting to overcome their poor posture and slower movement

Improve performance of funcitonal movements (improving ADL and QOL)

Question 16

What is a supplement that Parkinson’s patients should surprsingly consider?

Answer 16

Creatine.
(Boosts ATP/PC system, enhances recovery)

Question 17

For strength training in Parkinson’s patients, what intensity should they aim for?

Answer 17

In the range of 10-12/20 on the Borg Scale (high end of light to lower moderate)

Question 18

Which body parts should Parkinson’s patients focus on in harmony with their goals?

Answer 18

Training the shoulders and back to improve posture, 3-5x/week at maximal strength tolerance capacity

Question 19

When would there be lots of crossover between an EP and physiotherapist for Parkinson’s and MS patients?

Answer 19

For neuromuscular rehabilitation.

Need for physical and cognitive strategies to be individualised

Working with handrails, braces, walkers etc (hospital/clinic setting)

Question 20

What are some effects of ageing? Think categories then branch off there :)

Answer 20

Physical: Body composition, joints, lower muscle mass (sarcopenia), muscle disuse

Motor Control: Balance, posture, falling, response time

Psychosocial: Emotional function, well-being

Performance: CV and Pulmonary function