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Complex Ex Management > Deck 8 (Week 9) > Flashcards

Deck 8 (Week 9) Flashcards

Neuromuscular Conditions- Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury & Cerebral Palsy And Cancer Tutorial

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

Neoplasm: An abnormal growth of tissue

Also called “unregulated cell proliferation” (An uncontrolled increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division.)

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2
Q

Outline the disruption to normal cell metabolism after a carcinogenic-causing effect.

A

Tumours arise from carcinogenic exposure.
Can cause defects in stem cell control resulting in disturbances in self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation.

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3
Q

List suspected causes of cancer.

A
  • Asbestos
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Obesity
  • High fat diet
  • Hormone sensitivity
  • Sunlight (melanoma)
  • Solvents (substance that dissolves other substances)
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4
Q

What are 4 main ways of treating cancer?

A

1) Surgery
2) Radiotherapy / Radiology
3) Chemotherapy
4) Biotherapy

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5
Q

What proportion of Australian men and women will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime?

A

Roughly 1/2

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6
Q

How can exercise improve the condition of those with breast cancer?

A

Exercise can increase estrogen metabolism, boosting the immune system.

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7
Q

Define metastasis.

A

Where cells move away from the primary tumor and into other body parts via:
- blood vessels
- lymph vessels

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8
Q

What is the difference between benign and malignant?

A

Benign: Cells do not spread

Malignant: cells spread to other parts of body

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9
Q

True or false?
Resting is better for your immune function than exhaustive exercise for cancer patients.

A

True, HOWEVER you will have a much more enhanced immunity with MODERATE exercise

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10
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

The process of creating new blood vessels for tumor cells to further spread.
Exercise helps reduce that.

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11
Q

Why would training before surgery be beneficial to a patient?

A

Training/’prehab’ helps a patient increase and optimize strength, function, and nutrition prior to surgery.

This reduces necessary recovery time and chance of complications.

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12
Q

Granted exercise isn’t the main form of treatment, what benefits can still occur for a cancer patient in combination with medication/treatment?

A

◦ Increased cardiovascular fitness
◦ Increased muscular strength
◦ Lowering of level of fatigue
◦ Improved ROM
◦ Improved anxiety, depression
◦ Reduced body fat and increased muscle mass
◦ Some improvements in bone health
◦ Reduced risk of reoccurrence
◦ Improved QOL

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13
Q

What is a Stroke and what happens if a blockage is prolonged?

A
  • A sudden reduction in blood flow to the brain (Ischemic blockage)
  • A prolonged blockage can cause that part of the brain to be unusable in the future (WOMP WOMP)
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14
Q

What % of Stroke patients also have CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)

A

Roughly 50%

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15
Q

Define Disuse Atrophy

A

Neglecting certain muscles resulting in reducing muscle mass/strength

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16
Q

What is Hemiparesis?

A

Weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body, making it hard to perform everyday activities like eating or dressing

REDUCING QOL/ADL performance

17
Q

List some risk factors for Stroke

A

1) Inactivity (3X increased risk of stroke)
2) Smoking
3) Hypertension
4) Dyslipidemia
5) Obesity
6) Age
7) Family history

18
Q

True or False? For spinal cord injury patients, they are typically wheelchair bound for life.

A

Sad but true.

19
Q

Tetra/Quadriplegia is ABOVE and Paraplegia is BELOW which verterbrae?

A

Thoracic verterbrae (T1)

20
Q

What is Diaphragm Innervation? What happens if a spinal lesion occurs above C4?

A

Separation of thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Spinal lesion above C4 can cause difficulties breathing and talking
(Using accessory muscles to inspire air, limiting lung inflation)

21
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy?

A

A motor impairment syndrome and affecting muscle tone and posture.

22
Q

What is the incidence % of Cerebral Palsy in the population?

A

About 0.1% in the population.

23
Q

What causes appear to be related to Cerebral Palsy?

A

Prematurity and low birth weight

24
Q

What common symptoms of Cerebral Palsy can we expect to see?

A

Scoliosis, Gastrointestinal problems

Lower strength, power, aerobic capacity, balance, movement efficiency

25
Q

Which allied health professionals would form part of the management team for Cerebral Palsy patients?

A

Speech Pathologists, Psychologists, Social Workers, GP, Neurologists, Nurses, Exercise Physiologists, Physical Therapists

26
Q

What are the main aims for exercise in improving outcomes for stroke patients?

A

1) Improving functionality and muscle mass (3-6 months in)
2) Protect against future CVD’s
3) Improve paretic limb/s functionality (from Hemiparesis)

27
Q

What is an anticoagulant?

A

Blood thinners

28
Q

List some physical assessment functional tests for Stroke?

A

Standing / Walking / Sit to Stand / Partial Squat / joint ROM

29
Q

For Stroke patient Physical Testing, what rep range is appropriate?

A

10RM is ideal to predict 1RM.

30
Q

Why is cycling erg more ideal than a treadmill?

A

Cycling with one affected limb still possible
Feet are strapped and bodyweight is supported by seat and handles

31
Q

For Stroke patients, what frequency and training length should they initally train at and then eventually progress to?

A

For Stroke Patients
Initially start at <15min 2x/day, 3-5xweek to build functionality

Progress to 45min, 3-5x/week

32
Q

What physical traits should Spinal Cord Injury Patients (-plegics) work on?

A

Strength and Endurance

33
Q

Which forms of exercise can spinal cord injury patients work on?

A

Arm crank ergometry and a wheelchair on a treadmill is still somewhat viable

34
Q

What should be the main goals for spinal cord injury patients?

A

To improve functional performance within mobility limitations
AND
By focusing on arm ergometry, applying eStimulation when possible

35
Q

Why is familiarisation important in terms of exercise for Cerebral Palsy patients?

A

Because they’re unable to perform consistent muscle contractions due to spasticity/spasms

36
Q

What % APMHR (Age-predicted max HR) would Cerebral Palsy patients train at to improve endurance?

Also how often can Cerebral Palsy patients strength train?

A

At around 50-65% APMHR, 15min/3x a week

They can strength 3x/week, provided they have spotters always available

37
Q

What are the main goals of training for Cerebral Palsy patients?

A

To improve balance and functional balance

Ensuring rate of progression, ensuring specialised flexibility component for spastic musculature to session as well

Complex Ex Management (11 decks)

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