Deck 8 (Week 9) Flashcards
Neuromuscular Conditions- Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury & Cerebral Palsy And Cancer Tutorial
What is a neoplasm?
Neoplasm: An abnormal growth of tissue
Also called “unregulated cell proliferation” (An uncontrolled increase in the number of cells as a result of cell growth and cell division.)
Outline the disruption to normal cell metabolism after a carcinogenic-causing effect.
Tumours arise from carcinogenic exposure.
Can cause defects in stem cell control resulting in disturbances in self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation.
List suspected causes of cancer.
- Asbestos
- Cigarette smoking
- Obesity
- High fat diet
- Hormone sensitivity
- Sunlight (melanoma)
- Solvents (substance that dissolves other substances)
What are 4 main ways of treating cancer?
1) Surgery
2) Radiotherapy / Radiology
3) Chemotherapy
4) Biotherapy
What proportion of Australian men and women will be diagnosed with cancer in their lifetime?
Roughly 1/2
How can exercise improve the condition of those with breast cancer?
Exercise can increase estrogen metabolism, boosting the immune system.
Define metastasis.
Where cells move away from the primary tumor and into other body parts via:
- blood vessels
- lymph vessels
What is the difference between benign and malignant?
Benign: Cells do not spread
Malignant: cells spread to other parts of body
True or false?
Resting is better for your immune function than exhaustive exercise for cancer patients.
True, HOWEVER you will have a much more enhanced immunity with MODERATE exercise
What is angiogenesis?
The process of creating new blood vessels for tumor cells to further spread.
Exercise helps reduce that.
Why would training before surgery be beneficial to a patient?
Training/’prehab’ helps a patient increase and optimize strength, function, and nutrition prior to surgery.
This reduces necessary recovery time and chance of complications.
Granted exercise isn’t the main form of treatment, what benefits can still occur for a cancer patient in combination with medication/treatment?
◦ Increased cardiovascular fitness
◦ Increased muscular strength
◦ Lowering of level of fatigue
◦ Improved ROM
◦ Improved anxiety, depression
◦ Reduced body fat and increased muscle mass
◦ Some improvements in bone health
◦ Reduced risk of reoccurrence
◦ Improved QOL
What is a Stroke and what happens if a blockage is prolonged?
- A sudden reduction in blood flow to the brain (Ischemic blockage)
- A prolonged blockage can cause that part of the brain to be unusable in the future (WOMP WOMP)
What % of Stroke patients also have CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)
Roughly 50%
Define Disuse Atrophy
Neglecting certain muscles resulting in reducing muscle mass/strength
What is Hemiparesis?
Weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body, making it hard to perform everyday activities like eating or dressing
REDUCING QOL/ADL performance
List some risk factors for Stroke
1) Inactivity (3X increased risk of stroke)
2) Smoking
3) Hypertension
4) Dyslipidemia
5) Obesity
6) Age
7) Family history
True or False? For spinal cord injury patients, they are typically wheelchair bound for life.
Sad but true.
Tetra/Quadriplegia is ABOVE and Paraplegia is BELOW which verterbrae?
Thoracic verterbrae (T1)
What is Diaphragm Innervation? What happens if a spinal lesion occurs above C4?
Separation of thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Spinal lesion above C4 can cause difficulties breathing and talking
(Using accessory muscles to inspire air, limiting lung inflation)
What is Cerebral Palsy?
A motor impairment syndrome and affecting muscle tone and posture.
What is the incidence % of Cerebral Palsy in the population?
About 0.1% in the population.
What causes appear to be related to Cerebral Palsy?
Prematurity and low birth weight
What common symptoms of Cerebral Palsy can we expect to see?
Scoliosis, Gastrointestinal problems
Lower strength, power, aerobic capacity, balance, movement efficiency
Which allied health professionals would form part of the management team for Cerebral Palsy patients?
Speech Pathologists, Psychologists, Social Workers, GP, Neurologists, Nurses, Exercise Physiologists, Physical Therapists
What are the main aims for exercise in improving outcomes for stroke patients?
1) Improving functionality and muscle mass (3-6 months in)
2) Protect against future CVD’s
3) Improve paretic limb/s functionality (from Hemiparesis)
What is an anticoagulant?
Blood thinners
List some physical assessment functional tests for Stroke?
Standing / Walking / Sit to Stand / Partial Squat / joint ROM
For Stroke patient Physical Testing, what rep range is appropriate?
10RM is ideal to predict 1RM.
Why is cycling erg more ideal than a treadmill?
Cycling with one affected limb still possible
Feet are strapped and bodyweight is supported by seat and handles
For Stroke patients, what frequency and training length should they initally train at and then eventually progress to?
For Stroke Patients
Initially start at <15min 2x/day, 3-5xweek to build functionality
Progress to 45min, 3-5x/week
What physical traits should Spinal Cord Injury Patients (-plegics) work on?
Strength and Endurance
Which forms of exercise can spinal cord injury patients work on?
Arm crank ergometry and a wheelchair on a treadmill is still somewhat viable
What should be the main goals for spinal cord injury patients?
To improve functional performance within mobility limitations
AND
By focusing on arm ergometry, applying eStimulation when possible
Why is familiarisation important in terms of exercise for Cerebral Palsy patients?
Because they’re unable to perform consistent muscle contractions due to spasticity/spasms
What % APMHR (Age-predicted max HR) would Cerebral Palsy patients train at to improve endurance?
Also how often can Cerebral Palsy patients strength train?
At around 50-65% APMHR, 15min/3x a week
They can strength 3x/week, provided they have spotters always available
What are the main goals of training for Cerebral Palsy patients?
To improve balance and functional balance
Ensuring rate of progression, ensuring specialised flexibility component for spastic musculature to session as well
