Deck 2 (Week 3)

Question 1

What is Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 1

Cessation of blood flow to myocardium (heart tissue) because of a coronary artery blockage.

Heart does not beat as well due to lower nutrient supply.

Question 2

List symptoms associated with MI.

Answer 2

Angina, Shortness of breath and anxiety.

Question 3

What are potential treatment options for patients with MI?

Answer 3

• Increased oxygenated blood in the myocardium
• Nitro-glycerine to improve Vasodilation
• Defibrillation to reset to normal rhythm

Question 4

What is Heart Failure?

Answer 4

Systematic Inability to deliver adequate blood to metabolising tissue.

Question 5

Define Systolic Heart Failure:

Answer 5

Impaired Ventricular CONTRACTION

Question 6

Define Diastolic Heart Failure:

Answer 6

Impaired Ventricular FILLING

Question 7

What is Cardiac Valvular Disease?

Answer 7

A malfunction of the Mitral or Tricuspid Valve.

Question 8

Explain the Valvular Regurgitation phenomena.

Answer 8

Where the leaflets of valves fail to properly close. BACKFLOW of blood. Volume overload of ventricles while not supplying enough blood to the rest of the body.

Question 9

Explain the concept of Stenosis

Answer 9

Where the leaflets fail to properly OPEN. Hypertrophy of ventricular walls, leads to Heart Failure.

Question 10

Name some general guidelines for exercise prescription for CVD patients.

Answer 10

• ECG during initial stages of exercise
• Any HR altering medications MUST be documented
• Aerobic Exercise»>
• Must research appropriate modalities and progressions

Question 11

At what HRmax range is appropriate for Heart Disease patients to train at?

Answer 11

Around the 60-80% HRmax range.

Question 12

Is Resistance Training an appropriate to prescribe for Class I Heart Failure patients?

Answer 12

Hell yeah!!! Multi-joint exercises would be preferred as well.

Question 13

Why should cardiac patients avoid Isometric Exercises?

Answer 13

Isometric exercises can lead to exhibiting ischemic symptoms and negatively affect the myocardium.

Question 14

What is a Valsalva Maneouvre?

Answer 14

The act of bracing and holding your breath. Commonly utilised in heavy weight training.

Question 15

How would we calculate HRmax for MI patients before we prescribe them exercises?

Answer 15

HRmax for MI patients= HRrest + 20bpm.

Question 16

In the longer term, at what intensity in regards to BPM should MI patients be training at?

Answer 16

MI patients in the longer term should aim for a peak training intensity of 10bpm below symptomatic intensity.

Question 17

How many hours per week should MI patients aim to exercise? Specify the difference between a month and 2-6 months after a cardiac event.

Answer 17

Working up towards at least 6 hours a week.

Around a month approx. 15-30 min sessions 2-3X a week.

2-6 months approx. 30-45 min sessions 4-5 sessions a week.

Question 18

What are the main goals that Hypertension patients should aim for?

Answer 18

To increase work expenditure to also increase caloric expenditure.

To control BP and improve muscular endurance.

Question 19

What is the main goal to achieve for those with PVD?

Answer 19

To improve circulation, regain lost limb function and improve pain tolerance.

Question 20

What exercise options for Cardiac Valvular Disease could we consider?

Answer 20

Exercise is NOT an option due to the sudden death risk.

Question 21

What does the acronym ADL mean?

Answer 21

ADL= Activities of Daily Living.