Deck 1 (week 2)

Question 1

What is Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 1

Rupture of plaque — blood clot — occlusion of coronary artery

Question 2

What proportion of the population’s deaths are attributed to CHD?

Answer 2

33% or 1/3 people. Das mad!

Question 3

How many cases of CHD result in death?

Answer 3

50% of cases result in Death

Question 4

List a NEGATIVE risk factor for CHD

Answer 4

HDL levels above >60mg/dl

Question 5

List as many POSITIVE risk factors for CHD as you can.

Answer 5

-AGE: Men >45yrs Women>55yrs
-Family History
-Smoking Exposure
-Obesity 35-40in+ at the waist for men & women
-Hypertension>140mmHg
-Sedentary Lifestyle
-Dyslipidemia >130mg/dl OR <40mg/dl

Question 6

What blood pressure level classifies as Hypertension?

Answer 6

SUSTAINED readings of >140 Systole OR >90 Diastole

Question 7

How should Hypertension be treated (what should be prioritised)?

Answer 7

Modification of lifestyle FIRST, medication use SECOND

Question 8

Primary risk factors of Hypertension

Answer 8

• Sodium & alcohol intake
• Genetics
• High body fat%
• Older age
• Sedentary Lifestyle

Question 9

What is PVD?

Answer 9

Peripheral Vascular Disease/Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

-Plaque deposit producing ischemic pain in lower extremities

Question 10

Actions that increase cardiac workload:

Answer 10

smoking, obesity, diabetes

Question 11

What else can PVD cause?

Answer 11

A rupture of the collagen cap — can lead to a blockage (reduced flow & arterial diameter) — MI or stroke

Question 12

List some personal limitations to exercise.

Answer 12

• Physical (limitation)
• Psychological (fear)
• Behavioural (loss of interest)
• Social (personal interactions)
• Environmental
• Financial
• Self efficacy

Question 13

What medications aim to reduce cardiovascular output?

Answer 13

Beta Blockers: HR Reducers

Alpha Blockers: Arterial Dilators

Angiotensin-conversion enzyme inhibitors (ACE): Limits vasoconstriction

Question 14

How can exercise affect cardiovascular complications?

Answer 14

• Reduce myocardial demand
• Increase lipid & Carbohydrate metabolism
• Improve arterial dilation
• Reduce risk of future cardiac events

Question 15

What can exercise not achieve for cardiac patients?

Answer 15

• Repair existing myocardial damage
• Completely remove atherosclerosis deposits

Question 16

1 Met =

Answer 16

3.5 ml O2·kg−1·min−1

Question 17

How soon can we resume exercise after a cardiovascular event

Answer 17

Resume within 8-12 weeks.

Make sure to screen.

Takes longer to reach steady state during exercise.

Question 18

BP= ? X ?

Answer 18

BP= Cardiac Output X Total Peripheral Resistance

Question 19

Cardiac Output= ? X ?

Answer 19

CO= Heart Rate X Stroke Volume

Question 20

For Valvular Disease, at what stage onwards is there intermittent claudication?

Answer 20

Stage 2 onwards.

Stage 2a & 2b: Claudication walking around 200 metres

Stage 3: Pain at rest

Stage 4: Gangrene, Tissue Loss

Question 21

What are the types of testing for a physical assessment?

Answer 21

Mode
Intensity &
Progression

Question 22

To what demographic would the Bruce Protocol be appropriate?

Answer 22

Generally used for younger/healthy individuals.

Higher rate of test progression.

Uphill treadmill test.

Question 23

How much does the Naughton/Balke-Ware progress by each stage?

Answer 23

Progresses by 1 MET each stage.

Constantly check ECG, HR, BP and subjective ratings.