Deck 7 Flashcards
Where are pro & lysine residues hydroxylated in collagen? What is necessary cofactor?
In the RER; vit C
What phase of cardiac cycle does adenosine affect? How?
Phase IV: A1 receptors on surface to increase K conductance (efflux) to remain negative longer & inhibits L-type Ca channel (usually opened at -40 to trigger AP)
Adenosine is useful for what?
Paroxysmal SVT
Which chemoreceptors mainly detect CO2 levels? O2 levels?
CO2 = Central (decrease in pH in CSF through CO2); O2 = peripheral (carotid, aortic)
What does vWF bind to?
- Platelet glycoproteins Gp1b with exposed collagen 2. is a carrier protein for Factor VIII
What step in TCA cycle is impaired in alcoholics?
a-ketoglutarate to succinyl coA: Thiamine is necessary cofactor for a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (also pyruvate dehydrogenase)
A mutation in a gene that encodes BRAF protein kinase causes what cancer?
Melanoma
Nasal mucosal ulcerations and glomerulonephritis are characteristc of what?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis; C-anca (Abs against neutrophils)
What abnormalities are seen w lack of obliteration of vitelline (omphalomesenteric) duct?
Persistent vitelline duct, Meckel diverticulum (partial closure of fibrous band to umbilicus with patent portion attached to ileum), vitelline sinus (patent portion open at umbilicus), vitelline duct cyst (closed ends, patent middle); Qid: 322
What do club cells do in lungs?
Nonciliated cells primarily in terminal bronchioles- secrete club cell secretory protein (protects against airway inflammation and oxidative stress) & surfactant components (prevent bronchiolar collapse)
What can cause a wide fixed split S2?
ASD
What part of bone does osteomyelitis affect?
Metaphysis (therefore affects kids more); vertebral body is more common in adults
What condition arises in diaphysis then?
Ewing sarcoma
What does COX-1 acetylation block? Effects?
Generation of thromboxane A2 in platelets (antithrombotic)
What does COX-2 acetylation block? Effects?
Prostaglandin production in inflamm cells- lymps & neutrophils (anti-inflam, anti-pyretic, analgesic)
What interval is affected by drugs that slow AV conductance? (BBs)
PR
How does PTH stimulate osteoclasts?
Causes osteoblasts to incr production of RANK-L and M-CSF -> stimulate osteoclast precursors to differentiate to mature osteoclasts
What medication stimulates prostaglandins in kidney? What effect?
Loop diuretics: vasodilation -> increased blood flow
What effect does Ang II have on vessels? ACEI’s?
Ang II constricts efferent (restore GFR); ACES’s: lower Ang II => systemic vasodilation + efferent dilation to lower glomerular pressure…. Can see an increase in GFR within 2-5 days of starting ACEI
What is the role of NF-kB/ IkB in inflammatory cells?
NF-kB is normally present/ inactive when bound to IkB -> extracellular signal activates IkB kinase which tags IkB for ubiquination -> now NF-kB can go into cell -> transcription of inflam proteins. Qid: 11955
Lab finding in klinefelters?
Decreased negative feedback -> incr gonadotropins (FSH, LH) -> increase estrogen
What portion of nephron is affected in renal cell carcinoma?
Proximal renal tubule
What antibiotic for aspiration pneumonia?
Clindamycin
What cell types are increased in COPD?
Neutrophils, Mx, CD8+ T lymphocytes
