Deck 3 Flashcards
Difference between class 1 and class 2 HLA proteins?
Class 1 (B): expressed in all nucleated cells and present to CD8 T lymphs. Class II (DR, DP, DQ): expressed by antigen presenting cells (Mx, dendritic cells) and present to CD4 Th
Examples of class 1 HLA?
HLA B27- PAIR = seronegative spondyloarthropathies (because of absence of rheumatoid factor ie IgM against IgG)
What is buspirone used for?
GAD- not panic disorder because of slow onset of action (1-2 weeks); no sedation, addiction, good with alcohol; “I’m always anxious the BUS will be ON time”
What things happen in herniation from temporal lobe lesions?
Uncal hernation: Transtentorial herniation of uncus -> ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy (fixed dilated pupil) and compression of cerebral peduncles (corticospinal tract injury with hemiplegia)
What things happen in central herniation?
Abducens palsy
Which polymerase has 5’- 3’ exonuclease activity?
Only DNA polymerase 1 (in addition to having 5-3 polymerase, and 3-5 exonuclease activity)- remove primer and fix damaged sequences
What is MOA of opiates on pre and post synaptic cells
Bind mu receptor- Pre = closure of voltage gated Ca channels (reduced Ca influx / neurotrans release from presynaptic); Post = mu binds K channels and hyperpolarization from K efflux
What drugs inhibit renin release?
Bblockers- block stimulation of beta-1 receptors located on juxtaglomerular cells
What effect does dropping Co2 have in brain?
Vasoconstriction
Jaundice, pruritis, dark urine, light stools, B symptoms, indicative of what?
Adeno of head of pancreas blocking bile duct
How does ribavirin work? What is it used for?
Hep C and RSV: nucleoside antimetabolite that interferes with duplication of viral genetic material
Cheyne stokes breathing seen in what?
CHF
What antiarrythmics prolong cardiac cycle (QT interval)? Which one doesn’t cause Torsades?
Class 1A, III; Amiodarone doesn’t cause torsades
What three main vessels supply blood to GI?
Celiac trunk, SMA, IMA
What meds for hypoPTH patient with hypocalcemia?
Calcitriol (active vit D)- Calcidiol has to be converted by PTH
Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Diffuse muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability (BP, tachy), altered sensorium, high CK (rhabdo)
What causes NMS? Tx?
From antipsychotics (block dopamine); Give dantrolene or bromocriptine (dopamine antagonist)
Which SERM is used for Tx of breast cancer? For osteoporosis?
BC = tamoxifen; Osteoporosis = Raloxifene (antagonist action in breast/ uterus)
Difference between type 1 and type 2 error?
Type 1: conclude there’s a difference when there isn’t. Type 2: conclude no difference when there is
What accounts for adverse effects of Fabry’s?
Deficiency of a-galactosidase- breaks down Gp3 or ceramide trihexidase; This accumulates in vascular smooth muscle cells, glomerular cells, cardiac myocytes, DRG and autonomic ganglion
What medications dilate coronary arteries and can cause coronary steal syndrome?
Adenosine and dipyridamole
What does IF microscopy show in PSGN?
Granular deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in mesangial and basement membranes
Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?
Lysine, leucine
Symptoms of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency? Why?
Lactic acidosis, neuro deficits; Pyruvate can’t become Acetyl coA- build up of pyruvate shunts to lactate –> Lactic acidosis
