Deck 14 Flashcards
Where is the site of attachment of immunoglobulins?
Fc portion = constant region of heavy chain
What do you do if you suspect asthma but spirometry is normal?
Methacholine (or histamine, exercise, cold air) challenge: try to illicit symptoms (causes bronchoconstriction
What is the result of the mutation CFTR gene in CF?
Impaired post-translational processing»_space; targeted for degradation, preventing it from reaching the surface
The greatest risk of dying from Friedrich Ataxia is from what?
Cardiomyopathy
What is most serious side effect of amphotericin B?
Nephrotoxicity
Small cell carcinomas stain for neuroendocrine markers, such as…?
Neural cell adhesion molecule, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin
What is vimentin and what malignancy is it seen in?
Intermediate filament in mesenchymal-origin cells; mesenchymal (sarcomas) and others (see FA pg. 60)
Describe replication of Hep B?
Partially DsDNA»_space; ssRNA to either translate proteins or»_space; reverse transcriptase to ssDNA intermediate then partially DsDNA again
Vitamin supplementation with what may help with MSUD? Enzyme?
Thiamine; a-ketoacid dehydrogenase
Who requires arginine as essential amino acid?
Disorders of urea cycle
What murmur increases with inspiration?
Tricuspid regurgitation
Where is K absorbed?
2/3rds in proximal tubule; 25-30% in ascending loop; 5-10% DCT; Hyperkalemia = secreted by principal cells in collecting duct (5-100+%) or Hypokalemia = K absorption of a-intercalated cells
What s the cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in thin/ tall individuals or smokers?
Apical subpleural bleb rupture - Qid 490
What does TNF-a cause?
Cachexia (muscle wasting, anemia, also called cachectin btw), fever, symtpoms of septic shock, causes hepatic release of acute phase reactants (C-peptide, fibrinogen)
Leser-trelat sign?
Suddent onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis: indicative of underlying carcinoma of GI tract
Difference between 23 valent/ 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine?
23 = polysaccharide capsule > protects against wider range of serotypes & not immunogenic, but shorter immunity; 13 = conjugate vaccine (with diphtheria protein) > boosts immunity through T cell recruitment»_space; development of memory B cells, higher antibody levels, herd immunity
Tx for narcolepsy?
First line = Modafinil (non-amphetamine stimulant); second line = amphetamines
What drug causes R atrial ventriculization in fetus?
Lithium»_space; Ebsteins anomaly
Hemangiomas in brain, angiomatosis in skin, and renal cell carcinoma or pheo?
Von hippel lindau
Cutaneous facial/ leptomeningeal angiomas, skin involvement in V1-V2 trigem, tram track opacities in skull..?
Sturge Weber
Which sequelae of endocarditis results from immune complex lesions and not microemboli?
Osler nodes (nodes seen on fingertips and toes) & Ruth spots (retina)
What are DNA methyltransferases used for?
Imprinting
Cause of waxing and waning painless lymph node enlargement?
Follicular lymphoma, t(14:18) translocation- overexpression of bcl-2 oncogene
Characteristics of Bells palsey?
Functions of CN VII: sudden unilateral facial paralysis, decreased tearing, hyperacusis (sensitivity to sound), loss of sensation/taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue