Deck 16 Flashcards
What is transthyretin and what can it do to heart?
Carrier protein from liver- mutations»_space; amyloid protein that infiltrates heart»_space; restrictive cardiomyopathy
What is tetrahydrobiopterin a cofactor for? What condition if defective?
Serotonin, DOPA; can be a cause of PKU - Qid 1500
What condition leads to absence/hypoplasia of vermis and dilated 4th ventricle (non-commun hydroceph)
Dandy- Walker
What would lead to acute morbidity in RF?
HF from pancarditis
Tetanus vaccine illicits what immune response?
Humoral- specific for toxin
What is the principle site of uric acid precipitation?
Collecting duct and DCT (most acidic > uric acids precipitate)
What CNS tumors stain for synaptophysin? GFAP?
Synaptophysin: neuronal origin (neuroectoderm, neuroendocrine); GFAP: gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma, ependymomas)
Mechanism of action of PCP?
NMDA antagonist: dissociation, violent behavior, hallucinations, vertical nystagmus, Qid 1165
What is normal/ abnormal babinski response?
Normal = plantar flexion; Abnormal = dorsiflexion & toe spreading
What occurs within pancreatic islets in type II diabetes?
Amyloid deposition
What is also seen with familial retinoblastoma?
Osteosarcoma
What is defective in hyper IgM? What are features?
CD 40 ligand (from CD4 Tcell) activates B cell > splice to desire heavy chain region; High IgM, low everything else, sinopulmonary, GI, opportunistic infections (crypto, pneumocystis)
What is first line for alcohol withdrawal agitation? What about with liver dz?
Benzos -> long lasting (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam); liver disease = (ones that don’t undergo oxidative metabolism in liver and have no active metabolites => LOT) Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
What does PAS stain for?
Glycogen when used with diastase (“pass the sugar”): glycogen storage diseases, whipple disease (diastase resistant) - Qid 132
Whats a kussmaul sign?
Increase in JVP on inspiration: restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, right sided heart tumors
What results from acute respiratory distress?
Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) activate epithelium > recruit neutrophils > Increased pulmonary capillary permeability, diminished surfactant production, hyaline membrane formation
What structures hold cells together and have Ca dependent interactions?
Cadherins (desmosones, desmoglein, E-cadherin)
What structure is at risk in anterior/posterior dislocations of knee?
Popliteal artery
How do levels of Na, K, HC03, Cl change in the pancreas?
Na, K = constant (similar to plasma); Increased secretin > incr flow rate = high bicarb, low Cl (inversely related - HC03/ Cl exchanger))
Where does HSV encephalitis normally occur? Features?
Temporal lobe (amygdala): encephalitis symptoms, disinhibited behavior (Kluver Blucy syndrome), personality changes, etc. -Qid 6591
What sweat glands do sympathetic postganglionic cholinergic neurons stimulate?
Apocrine, eccrine (not sebaceous)
What vitamin deficiency can be caused by carcinoid?
Niacin: carcinoid can deplete tryptophan stores from producing so much serotonin
What area is affected in celiac?
Distal duodenum and proximal jejunum
What DNA viruses replicate in nucleus?
All except Poxvirus
What RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm?
All except ortho & retrovirus
What pathway does GH activate?
Hepatic GH receptors = JAK-STAT pathway»_space; increased IGF-1 release
What other structure besides radial nerve would get damaged in mid-shaft humeral fracture?
Deep brachial artery
What effect does pernicious anemia have on gastric pH, gastrin levels?
High pH & high gastrin: Less parietal cells»_space; less HCl (achlorydia)»_space; increased pH»_space; stimulates gastrin secretion by G cells
What artery supplies posterior descending artery in left dominance?
Left circumflex (also, dominant vessel usually supplies AV nodal artery too)
Little kid with intermittent abd pain, vomiting, currant jelly stools, and a mass palpated in LR quadrant?
Intussusception
What is terbutaline used for?
Delay labor and delivery by blocking uterine contractions (b mimetic)
What antibody titers are elevated in dermatomyositis?
Anti-Jo-1, Anti-nuclear
