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Step 1 UWorld > Deck 16 > Flashcards

Deck 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is transthyretin and what can it do to heart?

A

Carrier protein from liver- mutations&raquo_space; amyloid protein that infiltrates heart&raquo_space; restrictive cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What is tetrahydrobiopterin a cofactor for? What condition if defective?

A

Serotonin, DOPA; can be a cause of PKU - Qid 1500

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3
Q

What condition leads to absence/hypoplasia of vermis and dilated 4th ventricle (non-commun hydroceph)

A

Dandy- Walker

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4
Q

What would lead to acute morbidity in RF?

A

HF from pancarditis

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5
Q

Tetanus vaccine illicits what immune response?

A

Humoral- specific for toxin

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6
Q

What is the principle site of uric acid precipitation?

A

Collecting duct and DCT (most acidic > uric acids precipitate)

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7
Q

What CNS tumors stain for synaptophysin? GFAP?

A

Synaptophysin: neuronal origin (neuroectoderm, neuroendocrine); GFAP: gliomas (astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma, ependymomas)

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of PCP?

A

NMDA antagonist: dissociation, violent behavior, hallucinations, vertical nystagmus, Qid 1165

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9
Q

What is normal/ abnormal babinski response?

A

Normal = plantar flexion; Abnormal = dorsiflexion & toe spreading

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10
Q

What occurs within pancreatic islets in type II diabetes?

A

Amyloid deposition

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11
Q

What is also seen with familial retinoblastoma?

A

Osteosarcoma

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12
Q

What is defective in hyper IgM? What are features?

A

CD 40 ligand (from CD4 Tcell) activates B cell > splice to desire heavy chain region; High IgM, low everything else, sinopulmonary, GI, opportunistic infections (crypto, pneumocystis)

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13
Q

What is first line for alcohol withdrawal agitation? What about with liver dz?

A

Benzos -> long lasting (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam); liver disease = (ones that don’t undergo oxidative metabolism in liver and have no active metabolites => LOT) Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam

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14
Q

What does PAS stain for?

A

Glycogen when used with diastase (“pass the sugar”): glycogen storage diseases, whipple disease (diastase resistant) - Qid 132

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15
Q

Whats a kussmaul sign?

A

Increase in JVP on inspiration: restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, right sided heart tumors

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16
Q

What results from acute respiratory distress?

A

Cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) activate epithelium > recruit neutrophils > Increased pulmonary capillary permeability, diminished surfactant production, hyaline membrane formation

17
Q

What structures hold cells together and have Ca dependent interactions?

A

Cadherins (desmosones, desmoglein, E-cadherin)

18
Q

What structure is at risk in anterior/posterior dislocations of knee?

A

Popliteal artery

19
Q

How do levels of Na, K, HC03, Cl change in the pancreas?

A

Na, K = constant (similar to plasma); Increased secretin > incr flow rate = high bicarb, low Cl (inversely related - HC03/ Cl exchanger))

20
Q

Where does HSV encephalitis normally occur? Features?

A

Temporal lobe (amygdala): encephalitis symptoms, disinhibited behavior (Kluver Blucy syndrome), personality changes, etc. -Qid 6591

21
Q

What sweat glands do sympathetic postganglionic cholinergic neurons stimulate?

A

Apocrine, eccrine (not sebaceous)

22
Q

What vitamin deficiency can be caused by carcinoid?

A

Niacin: carcinoid can deplete tryptophan stores from producing so much serotonin

23
Q

What area is affected in celiac?

A

Distal duodenum and proximal jejunum

24
Q

What DNA viruses replicate in nucleus?

A

All except Poxvirus

25
Q

What RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm?

A

All except ortho & retrovirus

26
Q

What pathway does GH activate?

A

Hepatic GH receptors = JAK-STAT pathway&raquo_space; increased IGF-1 release

27
Q

What other structure besides radial nerve would get damaged in mid-shaft humeral fracture?

A

Deep brachial artery

28
Q

What effect does pernicious anemia have on gastric pH, gastrin levels?

A

High pH & high gastrin: Less parietal cells&raquo_space; less HCl (achlorydia)&raquo_space; increased pH&raquo_space; stimulates gastrin secretion by G cells

29
Q

What artery supplies posterior descending artery in left dominance?

A

Left circumflex (also, dominant vessel usually supplies AV nodal artery too)

30
Q

Little kid with intermittent abd pain, vomiting, currant jelly stools, and a mass palpated in LR quadrant?

A

Intussusception

31
Q

What is terbutaline used for?

A

Delay labor and delivery by blocking uterine contractions (b mimetic)

32
Q

What antibody titers are elevated in dermatomyositis?

A

Anti-Jo-1, Anti-nuclear

Step 1 UWorld (16 decks)

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