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Step 1 UWorld > Deck 11 > Flashcards

Deck 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of Tx with restless leg syndrome? What else is associated with it?

A

Dopamine agonists (ropinirole, pramipexole); associated with iron deficiency anemia (sometimes only in substantia nigra)

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2
Q

The middle meningeal artery arises from what? What prominent location does it pass over?

A

From maxillary- passes over pterion (where frontal parietal and temporal meet)

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3
Q

Symptoms of typhoid fever?

A

fever, diarrhea or constipation, abd pain, salmon colored rose spots on chest/ abdomen, hepatosplenomegaly

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4
Q

What does leptin do?

A

Increase satiety: decreases production of neuropeptide Y (appetite stimulator) and stimulates POMC; serum leptin levels correlate to body fat content (released by adipocytes)

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5
Q

What arteries/nerves run anterior to elbow?

A

Radial nerve (lateral), Median nerve & brachial artery, basilic vein (medial)

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6
Q

In supracondylar humeral fracture from falling on extended arm, what is injured w anterolateral displacement? Anteromedial?

A

AL= radial nerve, AM = median nerve, brachial artery

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7
Q

Histo of kids with flu who take aspirin?

A

Reye syndrome- Liver = microvesicular steatosis, small fat vacuoles in cytoplasm of hepatocytes

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8
Q

Lung cancer that can stain for endocrine markers (chromagranin, enolase, synaptophysin)?

A

Small cell carcinoma

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9
Q

Characteristics of drugs to be excreted and metabolized by liver?

A

Lipophilic: poorly eliminated by kidney and can cross hepatocytes better

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10
Q

What organism causes meningitis by traveling through lymphatics? Through blood?

A

Lymph = h. flu; blood = neisseria

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11
Q

What causes warfarin induced skin necrosis?

A

Reduces gamma carboxylation of II, VII, IX, X, C, S&raquo_space; Protein C is an anticoagulant but has a short half-life&raquo_space;> gets inhibited first and leads to greater hypercoagulability before II, VII, IX, X are inactivated (2 weeks)

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12
Q

What factors does protein C cleave and inactivate?

A

Va, VIIIa

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13
Q

PKD with SAH…? Prophylactic Tx?

A

Berry aneurysm; give CCB’s (nimodipine) for prevention of vasospasm and ischemia

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14
Q

An infant with hypotonia, large anterior fontanelle, umbilical hernia, jaundice, dry skin, macroglossia, intellectual delay?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

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15
Q

What cofactors are made from niacin?

A

NAD, NADP

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16
Q

What enzymes in TCA will need niacin for cofactors?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase

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17
Q

What effect does sympathetic / parasymp simulation have on pancreatic B cells?

A

Para = increased insulin with smell/sight of food; Symp = B increases insulin, alpha inhibits insulin (predominates)

18
Q

What is complication of schistosomiasis? What is mechanism?

A

Hematuria, dysuria, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, squamous cell of bladder; Th2 mediated granulomatous response to eggs (Th2, eosinophils, 2 macrophage)&raquo_space; ulceration/ scarring of bowel/bladder/ureters….. Eggs can also go to portal vein&raquo_space; “periportal pipestem fibrosis”

19
Q

What are extraintestinal complications of Crohns?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis & peripheral arthritis (lower back pain & joint stiffness worse at night)

20
Q

What vitamin deficiency occurs in Crohns?

A

Lack of bile acid reabsorption (terminal ileum) causes fat malabsorption&raquo_space; A, D, E, K (think when Crohns and bleeding!)

21
Q

What blast precursors express terminal deoxynucleotideyltransferase (TdT)

A

Lymphoblasts: B cell blasts (CD 19. 10), T cell blasts (CD 1a,2,3,4,5,7,8)

22
Q

Etiology of recurrent pyelonephritis, dilated calyces & cortical atrophy in upper and lower poles of kidney?

A

Vesicoureteral reflux (ureter enters bladder at more perpindicular angle); Qid 833

23
Q

What adds mannose residues to proteins? What does that do?

A

Golgi: marks them to go to lysosome

24
Q

What vasculitis is associated with MI in kids (coronary vasospasm + thrombosis)

A

Kawasaki disease

25
Q

Headache and jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica? Complications? Tx?

A

Temporal (giant cell arteritis) = granulomatous formation of media with fragmentation of internal elastic lamina; may lead to ischemic optic neuropathy (blindness); immediate glucocorticoids

26
Q

What other condition can be associated with spontaneous ruptured cerebral aneurysm?

A

Coarctation of aorta > associated with berry aneurysms of circle of Willis- Qid 31

27
Q

What is NF-kB?

A

Proinflammatory transcription factor that increases cytokine production

28
Q

What causes superior vena cava syndrome and what are characteristics?

A

Associated with small cell lung cancer = HA, facial and UE edema, dilated veins of upper torso

29
Q

In neural tube defects- what doesn’t develop right and when?

A

Neuropores (ends of neural tube) don’t close by 4th week

30
Q

Histo of lipofuscin?

A

intracytoplasmic granules tinged yellow-brown: product of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation

31
Q

A patient has a blunt injury from seatbelt in MVA- what part of aorta is damaged? What results?

A

Aortic isthmus (descending loop): tethered by ligamentum arteriosum and is immobile; majority die from aortic rupture or widened mediastinum on xray, chest pain, SOB, etc.

32
Q

What decreases during intense exercise?

A

overall systemic vascular resistance- Qid 1622

33
Q

What is the result of the CGG repeat mutation in Fragile X?

A

DNA hypermethylation&raquo_space; inactivation of FMR1 gene

34
Q

What brain tumor has spindle cells with hairlike processes with microcysts and Rosenthal fibers and eosinophilic bodies?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

35
Q

What brain tumor has small round blue cells, neuritic process (neuropil), stain for chromagranin, S100, and elevated homovanillic acid?

A

Neuroblastoma

36
Q

What lung malignancy is most common, and most specific for asbestosis?

A

Most common = bronchogenic carcinoma; most specific = malignant mesothelioma

37
Q

what is volume of intracellular/ extracellular compartments in body?

A

Total = 41 L; ICF = 2/3; ECF = 1/3 or 14 L (plasma is 3, interstitial is rest)

38
Q

What is MOA of organophosphates? What is Tx?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors; Tx = atropine, pralidoxime (binds to organophosphates to regenerate ACE)

39
Q

What are organ features of edwards?

A

Cardiac defects (VSD, PDA), renal (horseshoe kidney), GI (Meckels diverticulum, malrotation)

40
Q

What makes you think of fibromuscular dysplasia?

A

Women 20-30, renal artery stenosis, string of beads appearance of renal arteries

Step 1 UWorld (16 decks)

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