Deck 6 Flashcards
Clinical signs of selenium poisoning in horse
Shedding of the tale and mane
Hobbling by pain in the hooves and joints
Clinical manifestation of chlorine gas
- irritates mucus membranes leading to:
Rhinorrhea
Lacrimation
Cough
Chest pain
Headache
Esopageal dryness
Conjunctival irritation
Classification of pesticides according to their biological effect
Insecticides
Acaricides
Herbicides
Algicides
Arboricides
Fungicides
Rodenticides
Desiccants
Defoliants
Growth regulators
Moluscocides
The inhibition of protein synthesis, which may account for alopecia in 14 days, is characteristic for
Thalium
Difference between superwarfarins and warfarin
Superwarfarin are used for warfarin-resistant rat populations –> greater prolongation of clotting time and prothrombin times
3 natural insecticides
Pyrethrins
Rotenon
Nicotin
What does NaClO3 and KClO3 cause?
MtHb
Atrisine, simasine and permethryn belongs to
Triasines
Mechanism of action for bipyridilium herbicides (diquat and paraquat) is:
The production of superoxide radicals
Name phenol derivative insecticide
DNOC
What does fusarium graminearum cause?
Ergotism
Name poisonous plants
Plants containing alkaloids
Plants containing glycosides
Oxalate-containing plants
Seizure-producing plants
Plants containing phytotoxins
Skin-sensitizing plants
Gastroenteritis-producing plants
Plants with other activities
Plant toxins, which affect the heart
Digitalis
Elapidea venom
is neurotoxic and paralyses the respiratory centrum
Which chemicals are analyzed without sample adjustment
Arsenic
Mercury
zinc phosphide
Methemoglobin detection is by
Spectrophotometric method
In which animal is use of paracetamol forbidden
Cat
BAL (dimercaprol) is used as antidote for poisoning of
Heavy metals
Methods used for detection of chemical substances in toxicological laboratory
- Spectrophotometry - UV, IR, visible light
- Mass spectrometry
- Atomic absorbing spectrophotometry
- Polarography
- Physical methods
- Thermo emission method
- Chromatography
The most susceptible animals to phenols are
Cats
Advantages of pyretroids
- more effective at killing insects
- low concentration
- quick degradation
- short acting
Blood that contains a large percentage of methemoglobin have
chocolate brown colour
Routes of excretion of toxic compounds
Through kidneys into urine
Secretion into bile
Excretion into expired air from the lungs for volatile and gaseous compounds
Secretion into gastro-intestinal tract
Milk, sweat and other fluids
3 stages of nitrate and nitrite poisoning
- Nitrate stage
- Nitrite stage
- Methemoglobic stage
Principle types of chemical reactions in the metabolism of foreign compounds
- Uncharged form
- Broken down totally
- Metabolized organism
Strychnine is
alkaloid
Sources of intoxication for fish
Cyanides
Phenols
Sudden change of pH of H2O (optimal 6.5-8.5)
Change of temperature
Increase of NH3 concentration
Contamination of H2O with lethal concentrations of H2S
Increased concentration of active Cl2
Contamination of water with metals + salts
Contamination of water with tensides (cleaning agents that reduce the surface tension of water)
Contamination with agrochemicals
Contamination with petroleum and its products
Contamination of water with waste water from food industry
Therapy of arsenic poisoning
Emetics
Gastric lavage
Sodium thiosulphate
Mucilaginous or pasty preparations
Antidotal therapy - based on BAL & D-penicillamine
Symptomatic - adrenergics, infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution, plenty of water
The poison of Crotalidae snakes is
changes in the capillary walls that can lead to the loss of fluid, electrolytes, proteins and red blood cells into tissues
Exposure to carbon monoxide causes the formation of
Carboxyhemoglobin
