Deck 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical signs of selenium poisoning in horse

A

Shedding of the tale and mane
Hobbling by pain in the hooves and joints

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2
Q

Clinical manifestation of chlorine gas

A
  • irritates mucus membranes leading to:
    Rhinorrhea
    Lacrimation
    Cough
    Chest pain
    Headache
    Esopageal dryness
    Conjunctival irritation
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3
Q

Classification of pesticides according to their biological effect

A

Insecticides
Acaricides
Herbicides
Algicides
Arboricides
Fungicides
Rodenticides
Desiccants
Defoliants
Growth regulators
Moluscocides

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4
Q

The inhibition of protein synthesis, which may account for alopecia in 14 days, is characteristic for

A

Thalium

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5
Q

Difference between superwarfarins and warfarin

A

Superwarfarin are used for warfarin-resistant rat populations –> greater prolongation of clotting time and prothrombin times

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6
Q

3 natural insecticides

A

Pyrethrins
Rotenon
Nicotin

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7
Q

What does NaClO3 and KClO3 cause?

A

MtHb

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8
Q

Atrisine, simasine and permethryn belongs to

A

Triasines

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9
Q

Mechanism of action for bipyridilium herbicides (diquat and paraquat) is:

A

The production of superoxide radicals

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10
Q

Name phenol derivative insecticide

A

DNOC

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11
Q

What does fusarium graminearum cause?

A

Ergotism

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12
Q

Name poisonous plants

A

Plants containing alkaloids
Plants containing glycosides
Oxalate-containing plants
Seizure-producing plants
Plants containing phytotoxins
Skin-sensitizing plants
Gastroenteritis-producing plants
Plants with other activities

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13
Q

Plant toxins, which affect the heart

A

Digitalis

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14
Q

Elapidea venom

A

is neurotoxic and paralyses the respiratory centrum

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15
Q

Which chemicals are analyzed without sample adjustment

A

Arsenic
Mercury
zinc phosphide

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16
Q

Methemoglobin detection is by

A

Spectrophotometric method

17
Q

In which animal is use of paracetamol forbidden

A

Cat

18
Q

BAL (dimercaprol) is used as antidote for poisoning of

A

Heavy metals

19
Q

Methods used for detection of chemical substances in toxicological laboratory

A
  • Spectrophotometry - UV, IR, visible light
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Atomic absorbing spectrophotometry
  • Polarography
  • Physical methods
  • Thermo emission method
  • Chromatography
20
Q

The most susceptible animals to phenols are

A

Cats

21
Q

Advantages of pyretroids

A
  • more effective at killing insects
  • low concentration
  • quick degradation
  • short acting
22
Q

Blood that contains a large percentage of methemoglobin have

A

chocolate brown colour

23
Q

Routes of excretion of toxic compounds

A

Through kidneys into urine
Secretion into bile
Excretion into expired air from the lungs for volatile and gaseous compounds
Secretion into gastro-intestinal tract
Milk, sweat and other fluids

24
Q

3 stages of nitrate and nitrite poisoning

A
  1. Nitrate stage
  2. Nitrite stage
  3. Methemoglobic stage
25
Q

Principle types of chemical reactions in the metabolism of foreign compounds

A
  • Uncharged form
  • Broken down totally
  • Metabolized organism
26
Q

Strychnine is

A

alkaloid

27
Q

Sources of intoxication for fish

A

Cyanides
Phenols
Sudden change of pH of H2O (optimal 6.5-8.5)
Change of temperature
Increase of NH3 concentration
Contamination of H2O with lethal concentrations of H2S
Increased concentration of active Cl2
Contamination of water with metals + salts
Contamination of water with tensides (cleaning agents that reduce the surface tension of water)
Contamination with agrochemicals
Contamination with petroleum and its products
Contamination of water with waste water from food industry

28
Q

Therapy of arsenic poisoning

A

Emetics
Gastric lavage
Sodium thiosulphate
Mucilaginous or pasty preparations
Antidotal therapy - based on BAL & D-penicillamine

Symptomatic - adrenergics, infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution, plenty of water

29
Q

The poison of Crotalidae snakes is

A

changes in the capillary walls that can lead to the loss of fluid, electrolytes, proteins and red blood cells into tissues

30
Q

Exposure to carbon monoxide causes the formation of

A

Carboxyhemoglobin