Deck 3 Flashcards
Anticoagulant rodenticides inhibit
production of prothrombin
Specific antidote in warfarin poisoning is
Vitamin K or K1
Normal percentage of methemoglobin is
2-5%
Mycotoxins are
toxin forming due to growth of mold
During urea intoxication the pH of rumen
increases
MCPA is used as
herbicide and algicide
DDT, chlordane, aldrin and heptachlor belong to
chlorated hydrocarbon insecticides
Diquat and paraquat are
herbicides
Define poisons (Swaga)
Poison is every chemical substance qualitatively or quantitatively different from the organism and it is harmful from chemical or physical aspect
Define ethiology of poisoning
disease of the organism with certain clinical symptoms caused by abrosbable poison after its income:
per os with food or water
per inhalation
per cutis
What does CHTA consist of?
Extraction
Purification
Detection
Prosedure in sampling fish
Send the whole fish
Send water from intoxicated area
Map of intoxicated area
Samples from above the possible place of intoxication
Methods for detection of toxic substances
Spectrophotometry (UV, IR, visible light)
Physical method
Polarography
Chromatographic methods -TLC, GC, HPLC
Diagnosis of intoxication consists of
Anamnesis - gathering all available information
Clinical symptoms
Necropsy - gross and microscopical examination of the tissues
Chemical-toxicological analysis - CHTA
Biological experiment - check suspected source of poisoning by experiment
Zinc phosphide is used as
rodenticide
Classification of rodenticides
Inorganic:
* Zinc phosphide
* Elemental phosphorus
* Thallium sulphate
* Oxide arsenite
Organic rodenticides:
* Coumarin rodenticides - warfarin and superwarfarin
* Fluoroacetates
* ANTU
* Alphachloralosa
* Endrin
* Bromethaline
* Cholecalciferol
* Compounds of plant origin
Advantages of pyretroids
- More effective at killing insects than pyrethrins
- Used in low application concentrations
- In natural ecosystems they undergo quick degradation mainly by soil microorganisms
ANTU is a
rodenticide
3 groups of symptoms in organophosphate poisoning
- Muscarinic
- Nicotinic
- CNS
Nitrate stage occurs
3-7 hours after exposure
Modes of penetration of insecticides (4)
Contact - do not penetrate to plant tissues
Systemic - penetrate by cuticle of plant cells
Peroral - by ingestion
Respiratory - kill pests through respiration
What is the intoxication dose of H2S?
<1mg
What are the stages of risk assesment (3)?
- Hazard identification
- Dose response evaluation
- Evaluation of exposure
What is the colour of M1 and M2
Violet
What is the purpose of acute oral toxicity test?
To find LD50 of a substance
Normal and toxic values of urea
Normal = 2-7 mmol/L
Dubious = 8-12 mmol/L
Positive > 12 mmol/L
After NO2 reacts with haemoglobin it is reduced to
NO-
Which substance results in toxic utilization of urea?
Glutamine/glutamate
What are Bromudioc and Flukmafen?
Rodenticides
What is NaClO3 (sodium chlorate) used as?
herbicide
