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Toxicology Final Ingrid > Deck 1 > Flashcards

Deck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis of intoxication consists of

A

Anamnesis
Clinical symptoms
Post partum picture
CHTA (chemical toxological analysis)
Biological experiment

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2
Q

Which colour is indicative for qualitative determination for NO2 poisoning?

A

Griess-Illosway

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3
Q

Therapy of lead poisoning

A

Eliminate source of contamination
Chelation therapy
EDTA therapy

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4
Q

Factors influencing toxicity of urea in cattle

A
  • cattle has never been exposed to urea before
  • excessive production of ammonia in rumen
  • individual sensitivity
  • health
  • pH of rumen content
  • structure of food
  • form of urea - solid vs solution
  • habituation of animals
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5
Q

3 major sites for absorption of foreign compounds

A

per os with food
per os with water
per inhalationen
per cutis

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of cyanide is

A

Inhibits enzyme cytochrome oxidase

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7
Q

Endogenous and exogenous factors influencing intoxication

A

Endogenous: age, sex, nutritional status, health status, genetic background and species differences

Exogenous: dose, physical-chemical properties, accumulation, synergism and antagonism, duration and frequence of exposure, diet and stress factors

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8
Q

Zinc phosphide is used as

A

Rodenticide

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9
Q

Ethiology and therapy of ethylen-glycol intoxication

A

Ethiology: component of car radiator and antifreeze (95% ethylene glycol), heat exchange fluids (solar collectors etc.),

Therapy:
* Decrease absorption through gastric lavage, active charcoal and sodium sulphate - stomach tube within 3 hrs
* Increase extretion through fluid therapy
* Prevent metabolism with 4-methylpyrazole
* Correction of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate intravenously

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10
Q

Typical smell of zinc

A

Garlic

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11
Q

Classification of rodenticides

A

According to chemical composition:
* Inorganic rodenticides (Zn3P2, As2O3)
* Organic rodenticides (warfarin, ANTU, bromethaline)

According to their effect:
* Effective after single dose (Zn3P2, ANTU, superwarfarin)
* Accumulative (warfarin)

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12
Q

LD50 definition

A

The dose that kill 50% of a certain population

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of MCPA and chloridazone

A

Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
Demyelinization of peripheral nerves
Inhibit ribonuclease synthesis

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14
Q

Most important chelant agents used in therapy for heavy metals

A

BAL (dimercaprol), CaEDTA, magnesium sulphate, vitamin C, tincture of iodine

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15
Q

Formaldehyde is extracted from the sample by

A

Steam distillation

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16
Q

LD50 of extremely toxic compounds

A

Less than 50 mg/kg BW

17
Q

Typical clinical symptoms and post mortem picture of warfarin

A

Clinical symptoms in cats and dogs:
* Internal bleeding leading to blood in vomit, diarrhea and urine

Other animals:
Depression and anorexia
Bleeding from natural body openings
Pale mucus membranes (anemia)
Haematomas
Weak/fast pulse
Subnormal body temp.
Respiratory difficult
General exhaustion
Collapse and death (5-7 days after)

Post mortem: well developed haematoma in soft tissue, large quantity of blood in GIT. Blood in heart and vessels will be poorly clotted or not at all.

18
Q

OECD test used for testing new chemical compounds

A

Acute oral toxicity test
Inhalation test
Skin sensibility test
Reproductive test + developmental studies
Carcinogenicity test
Mutagenicity test
Sub chronic and chronic tests

19
Q

Antimony compound are chemically and pharmacolically similar to

A

Arsenic compounds

20
Q

Absorption and retention of copper in the body is influenced by:

A

Methyl and sulphates

21
Q

Clinical signs of methemoglobin stage in nitrate poisoning

A
  • Chocolate-brown colour of blood
  • Haemorrhages on serosal surfaces
  • Salivation
  • vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Gastric haemorrhage
22
Q

Tripheniltinacetate and triphenyltinoxide are used as

A

Fungicides

23
Q

Division of herbicides according to phytotoxic effect

A

Total (general)
Selective
Other herbicides - defoliants, dessicants and growth regulators

24
Q

Facial eczema (phytomycotoxicosis) occurs after exposure to

A

Sporodesmins

25
Q

Plants that contain cardiac glycocides are

A

Digitalis purpurea, nerium oleander

26
Q

Which animal has telson?

A

Scorpion

27
Q

The influence of acids

A

Act on mucus membranes of GIT - may be chronic and has local and chemical effect, which decrease pH

28
Q

Accumulation of phenols and nitrates

A

Extremely accumulative

29
Q

Which insecticides are fumigants?
(generate toxic gases)

A

HCN (hydrogen cyanide), CS2 (carbon disulphide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), PH3 (phosphine), CH3Br (bromomethane)

30
Q

How long does herbicides persist in the environment

A

3-7 months

Toxicology Final Ingrid (8 decks)

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