Deck 5 Flashcards
Haemolytic crisis in sheep
copper poisoning
Poisoning with urea - amount in milk
> 12 mmol/L
Mechanism of action by heavy metals
Combining one or more reactive groups of enzymes that are essential for normal physiological functions - SH groups, which are essential for certain enzymes activity
What are desiccants?
herbicides that dry green parts of plant before harvest
Mycotoxin with estrogen-like action
Zearalenone
Nicotine belongs to the group of
Natural insecticides
What is antagonism?
An attenuation or complete elimination of the effect of one poison by another poison
Treatment of urea poisoning
acetic acid or hydrochloric acid
Fluoracetates are converted to
fluorocitrate, which blocks the tricarboxylic acid cycle (by inhibition of enzyme aconitase)
Ethiology of poisoning in domestic and wildlife animals
Pesticides
Fertilizers
Food additives
Industrial emissions
Waste water
Mycotoxins
Alkaloids and glycosides
Poisons of animal origin
Radiotoxins
The most important types of toxic substances
Drugs
Additives
Pesticides
Industrial chemicals
Environmental pollutants
Natural toxins and household toxins
Synergism is
an amplification of the joint action of two or more toxins having the same biological effect
What is toxicokinetics
the study of changes in a poison or its metabolites in the body from the time it enters until it is fully eliminated
The disposition of a toxic compound in a biological system may be divided into
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Some chemicals are metabolized into more toxic compounds, this is called
biotoxification
Pathological derivatives of hemoglobin are
Methemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Cyanhemoglobin
Methemoglobin cyanide
Sulphemoglobin
Carbon monoxide affinity to Hb
300 times more than oxygen
Utilization and fate of ammonia in animal organism
Urea is degraded in rumen –> urease and ammonia rise.
Urea –> CO2 + 2NH3 (urease + H2O)
Ammonia is used as source of nitrogen –> AAs, protein.
Ammonia –> liver –> non-essential AAs, urea and glutamine.
Which is more toxic - As3+ or As5+?
As3+
Selenium poisoning can be divided into 3 groups:
- Acute
- Subacute
- Chronic
Mechanism of antimony
Similar to arsenic.
Antiparasitic effect: inhibition of phosphofructokinase –> slows glycolysis –> disturbe energy metabolism of the parasites.
What are phenols used for in agriculture?
fungicides
What does lead inhibit?
Protoporfirins synthesis
How is poison in the organism converted?
Biochemically active substances.
They interact with chemicals and enzymes present in the body to become more complex, simply or moderately altered.
What animal is sensitive to molybdenum?
Cattle
Packaging CHTA
- Consider every chemical as infectious
- Preserve by cooling (not chemicals)
- Avoid contamination
- Divide samples into equal portions
- Pack each sample separately into plastic bags
- Label samples in several places
- Put into mobile refrigerator/wooden box with lid
What are the derivatives of aldehyde?
Acetylaldehyde
Metaldehyde
Formaldehyde
How do we determine NO3, NO2 and NaCl?
water extract
How long does carbomate serin persist:
1 year
Antidote for selenium
small amounts of arsenic compounds in water
