Deck 6

Question 1

Describe the course of disease & characterise its individual stages? (4)

Answer 1

• LATENT PERIOD/ INCUBATION PERIOD: from the beginning of action of first agent, to first non specific sign of disease, (in infectious disease)
• PRODROMAL STAGE: since appearance of non specific signs, apathy anorexia, until full development of specific symptoms

-PERIOD OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: appearance of specific pathogenic symptoms of certain disease

• EXIT STAGE: complete. Death or almost (partial)

Question 2

What are the metabolic effects of glucocorticoids?

Answer 2

• facilitate mobilisation of FFA induced by catecholamines & they increase lipolysis of adipose tissue
• mobilise AA from muscles, free AA used as precursors of gluceogenesis in the liver for respiration of damaged tissues
• decreased permeability of vessels & increase blood coagulation
• glucocorticoid, have anti-inflammatory effect, suppress migration & phagocytosis of leu, inhibit/decrease release of histamine & serotonin
• cause lysis of lymphocytes in blood, involution of lymphoid & thymus. Depression of synthesis of ABs

Question 3

Name systematic effects of acute inflammation

Answer 3

• fever
• leukocytosis
• an increase level of acute phase reactant
• increased sedimentation rate of erythrocytes
• septicemia –> bacterial infection of blood

Question 4

Name principle types of hypersensitivity

Answer 4

• TYPE I: immune hypersensitivity (IgE mediated allergic reactions)
• TYPE II: tissue specific reactions
• TYPE III: immune complex
• TYPE IV: delayed (cell - mediated tissue destruction)

Question 5

Describe stages of hypersensitivity

Answer 5

• SENSILISATION: first challenge of organism with allergen (antigen)
• INCUBATION PERIOD: challenge with the same allergen
• STADIUM OF MANIFESTATION: hypersensitivity with same allergen, reactions can be ; immediate hypersensitivity reaction -> within minutes OR
  delayed hypersensitivity reaction: several hours