Deck 5

Question 1

What are the differences between Exudate & Transudate?

Answer 1

TRANSUDATE:
-no bacteria present
-only few or no leukocytes or erythrocytes
-low enzyme content
-no serous mucous present
no association with inflammation

EXUDATE:
-bacteria is often present
-many leukocytes & erythrocytes
-high enzyme content
-serous mucous is present
-associated with inflammation

Question 2

Characterise stress leukogram?

Answer 2

leukogram is characterised by:

-neutrophilia
-eosinopenia
-lymphpenia
-monocytes

Question 3

Name two characteristic features of hyperkalemia?

Answer 3

1. Cardiovascular: ECG changes, complete heart block, cardiac arrest
2. Neuromuscular: weakness, hyperkalemia induced decrease in resting cell membrane to below threshold. Affected animals may have bradycardia & weak femoral pulse

Question 4

What are the principal causes & consequences of hypokalemia?

Answer 4

-defined as serum potassium of less than 4mmol/l

CAUSES:
-decreased oral intake
-intake GI loss
increased urinary losses
-increases losses of kalium during severe sweating (horse)
-redistribution of Valium from ECF to ICF

CONSEQUENCES:
-neuromuscular disorder
-cardiovascular disorder
-metabolic disorder

Question 5

What are the compensation & correction of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 5

RAPID COMPENSATION:
-respiratory adjustment of PCO2 -> an increase of alveolar ventilation leading to decrease in PCO2 in plasma

CORRECTION:
-renal corrective action