deception Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of Detecting Deception

A

observing/talking to ppl ( can be done anywhere)

phsyiological techniques (polygraph, brain measure)

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2
Q

if ur nervous does that mean u r lying or vice versa

A

neither

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3
Q

Behavior Cues
to Lying

A

North Americans tell 1-2
lies per day
Even Koko the gorilla has
told a lie or two
We assume that telling a lie
creates a physiological
change

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4
Q

Are non-verbal cues of
deception harder to hide?

A

hand guesters
truth = rythmic
lie=speech prompting

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5
Q

DePaulo, Lassiter, & Stone (1982) findings (research w ppl lying and either asked to focus on vocal tone or not)

A

the half asked to focus on vocal tone were better at detecting the lies

the pitch and how it chnages

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6
Q

Verbal Cues to Lying (3)

A

higher pitch, speech

disturbances (ummm, ahhh, uhhhh)

Slower rate of speech (more intentional, talking slow bc unsure of what to say)

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7
Q

Adams &
Harpster (2008) - innocent vs guilty how to tell

A

Innocent
◦ Requests help, corrects
misinterpretations, rude
+ demanding (they care more about getting things right, spoke quick, cooperative, emotion, sense of urgency)

Guilty
◦ Irrelevant details, state
victim is dead, polite +
patient, less emotion, more blame

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8
Q

Verbal Cues to
Lying

A

Liars provide fewer details than truth-tellers
Liars’ stories are less compelling than truth-tellers
* Less plausible
* Lacking logical structure
* More discrepancies
* Less engaging
* Less fluent
* More nervous, tense
Truth-tellers more likely to spontaneously correct
their stories, more likely to admit lack of memory

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9
Q

Paul Ekman’s Microexpressions

A

brief facial expressions that reflect the emotion a person
is feeling

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10
Q

why r microexpressions impotant

A

Deception can be difficult to detect if the liar is not showing an obvious
emotion

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11
Q

are there actually wizards like ekman said

A

no

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12
Q

Can we reliably detect deception?

A

Laypeople detect deception at a rate of 54% accuracy
Trained professionals detect at a rate of 55% accuracy

just 50/50 so chance

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13
Q

Why are we so bad at detecting lies

A

◦ People rely on stereotypic beliefs about lying → gaze aversion + fidgeting
◦ Truth-bias: people judge more messages as truthful than deceptive
◦ The differences between truth-tellers and liars are small

we get little feedback on if we r right

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14
Q

does cofident mean accucraten

A

no

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15
Q

men or women better at detecing lies in close relations

A

women

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16
Q

when highly motivated….

A

worse at lying

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17
Q

why are Officers are better at catching high-stakes lies

A

They are more familiar with settings that involve
high-stakes lies
◦ Lies are easier to detect when the liar is motivate

18
Q

the othello error

A

too readily interpreting signs
of nervousness as deception

19
Q

Polygraph

A

device used to record
an individual’s autonomic nervous
system response

20
Q

problem w polygraph

A

Physiological states associated with
lying are similar to those associated
with
◦ Anger
◦ Anxiety
◦ Embarrassment
◦ Fear

21
Q

The Comparison Question Test

A

neutral then relvant then comparion

neurtal = whats ur name
relveant = relveant to the case
comparsion =emotional arousinf

22
Q

CQT guilty

A

Relevant > Comp

23
Q

CQT inoocent

A

comp>relevant

24
Q

The Concealed Information Test

A

Does not detect deception
◦ Does the person know details of the
crime?
Multiple choice Questions
◦ One critical option, multiple foils
Guilty → larger physiological response
to the correct option than the incorrect
options
Skin conductance is most common
physiological response

25
Polygraphs: Accurate or Not?
Lab Studies → participants try to lie about a mock crime - bad external validity ◦ Stakes are low Field Studies → compare accuracy of ‘original’ examiners to ‘blind’ evaluators ◦ Blind evaluators only read charts, not swayed by other cues ◦ Difficulty establishing ground truth
26
CQT Accuracy
Confessions used to classify suspects as innocent or guilty ◦ Among guilty → 84-92% accurate ◦ Among innocent → 55-78% accurate ◦ 9-24% suspects falsely identified as guilty
27
Countermeasures
Techniques used to conceal deception Physical → biting tongue, pressing toes on the floor Mental → counting backward by 7 from 200
28
Other Physiological Techniques
EEG, facial thermal imaging, fMRI
29
is the polygraph admissible in court
no
30
problems w CQT
physioloigcal changes or the lack thereof are not indicative of anything witness the crime will impact so will if u know the suspect novel q could throw u off if ur guilty guilty might be habitutated to the crime and hv to response
31
concealed info test problem
again asuming a rxn to info is physiological crimials might not rember every deatil of the crime if its a big crime everyone will know about it lots of arousal during the crime = bad memeoru about it
32
why should the concealed info tets be good for innocent ppl
bc so unliekly that they respond to the right answer eveyrthing if they dont know anything
33
when is lying easy
low stakes, low motivation
34
can u hv bias in polygraph
yes
35
expert vs laypeople polygraph
expert think bad, laypeople think good problem: laypeople = jury
36
problem w polygraph neutral q
neural q doesnt elicit emotion/arousal as others so u dont hv proper basline of arousal q that u r innocent
37
30 mins of instruction on coutermeasures means
50% ppl incluidng guilty would pass
38
are other physiological techniques admissible in court
no
39
facial thermal imagining
maybe warm = lie
40
fMRI not yet bc
need to find where exactly the lying is in the brain