de 300 a 400

Question 1

298. Inspection schemes that rely on optical interference patterns include:

(A) holography photography and optical microscopy.
(B) shearography telescopy and image diffraction.
(C) Schlieren photography moire imagery and optical microscopy.
(D) moire imagery holography and interferometry.

Answer 1

(D) moire imagery holography and interferometry.

Question 2

299. Fracture is a type of material failure. Of the following which is another type of material failure?

(A) Fracture mechanics.
(B) Low frequency dynamic loading.
(C) Permanent deformation.
(D) Elongation within the elastic range.
(E) None of the above.

Answer 2

(C) Permanent deformation.

Question 3

300. Which of the following statements best differentiates between a defect and a discontinuity?

(A) Discontinuities can propagate and become defects.
(B) All discontinuities are defects.
(C) All defects will lead to failure if undetected; discontinuities can be harmless.
(D) Discontinuities are external natural boundaries only; defects are internal flaws originating from errors in processing.

Answer 3

(A) Discontinuities can propagate and become defects.

Question 4

301. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is often differentiated from other measurements or inspection techniques in that:

(A) NDT involves indirect tests related to some other quality or characteristic of the material.
(B) NDT is a measurement of dimensions geometry and appearance.
(C) NDT uses electronic instruments to identify evaluate and locate discontinuities.
(D) NDT is an inspection tool used to confirm the findings of the many other quality assurance techniques.

Answer 4

(A) NDT involves indirect tests related to some other quality or characteristic of the material.

Question 5

302. Which of the following describes a function of NDT?

(A) Identification and sorting of material.
(B) Identification of material properties.
(C) Assuring absence of faults or defects that could cause a part to fail.
(D) All of the above.

Answer 5

(D) All of the above.

Question 6

303. An important basis for the success of fracture control design procedures is:

(A) that all flaws are detected by NDT or proof testing before the component enters service.
(B) in the use of large factors of safety.
(C) in the use of a value of strength that the material used in the design is presumed to possess.
(D) the need to assure that unexpected flaws of some critical size are not present when the component enters service.
(E) all of the above.

Answer 6

(D) the need to assure that unexpected flaws of some critical size are not present when the component enters service.

Question 7

304. If properly used NDT can assist in fracture control by:

(A) accurately measuring the tensile strength of design materials.
(B) providing an accurate evaluation of the number and type of discontinuities that exist in a material.
(C) predicting the time it will take a given size discontinuity to grow to a critical size.
(D) all of the above.

Answer 7

(B) providing an accurate evaluation of the number and type of discontinuities that exist in a material.

Question 8

305. A statement that a particular experiment produced a 0.9 probability of detection with a 95% confidence level means that:

(A) there is a 95% probability that the probability of detection is overstated.
(B) there is a 5% probability that the probability of detection is overstated.
(C) on the average 90% of all flaws will be detected.
(D) on the average 95% of all flaws will be detected.
(E) on the average 95 out of 100 flaws will be detected 90% of the time.

Answer 8

(B) there is a 5% probability that the probability of detection is overstated.

Question 9

306. Most solid metals and plastics that have reasonable strength at room temperature are called:

(A) composite materials.
(B) manufacturing materials.
(C) raw materials.
(D) allotropic materials.
(E) engineering materials.

Answer 9

(E) engineering materials.

Question 10

307. Materials properties as used in design are most frequently determined by:

(A) theoretical analysis.
(B) materials testing.
(C) the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
(D) fracture mechanics testing.

Answer 10

(B) materials testing.

Question 11

308. Even at the early stages of product planning NDT should be considered because:

(A) it may be required by codes and specifications.
(B) the design of the part should permit easy access to critical areas for later inspection.
(C) the materials selected should be compatible with a NDT technique that can accurately evaluate the product.
(D) all of the above.

Answer 11

(D) all of the above.

Question 12

309. Which of the following materials properties are of most concern if corrosion resistance is essential?

(A) Processing properties.
(B) Mechanical properties.
(C) Physical properties.
(D) Chemical properties.

Answer 12

(D) Chemical properties.

Question 13

31O. Which of the following is true relative to the comparison of the properties of aluminum-based alloys and iron-based alloys?

(A) Iron has a lower melting point than aluminum.
(B) Iron can exist in several different crystalline structures and its properties can be controlled by heat treatment.
(C) Iron can be alloyed to increase its strength whereas aluminum is strongest in its pure state.
(D) Iron is preferred in load carrying designs but it should not be used for any deformation type of manufacturing process.
(E) All of the above.

Answer 13

(B) Iron can exist in several different crystalline structures and its properties can be controlled by heat treatment.

Question 14

311. Tensile tests are conducted on specimens from a newly developed alloy in order to determine the ultimate tensile strength of the material. Such tests are referred to as:

(A) indirect tests.
(B) physical properties tests.
(C) destructive tests.

Answer 14

(C) destructive tests.

Question 15

312. A bar that is 31cm (12 in.) long 51 mm (2 in.) wide and 25 mm (1 in.) thick is subjected to a tensile load acting along the length of the bar of 36 000 lbs. What is the tensile stress within the bar?

(A) 1 500psi.
(B) 3 000 psi.
(C) 12 000 psi.
(D) 18 000 psi.
(E) 36 000 psi.

Answer 15

(D) 18 000 psi.

Question 16

313. In Figure 7.1 point B is called the:

(A) elastic range.
(B) elastic limit.
(C) yield point.
(D) yield strength.
(E) modulus of elasticity.

Answer 16

(B) elastic limit.

Question 17

314. In Figure 7.1 which of the following ranges indicate the effect of work hardening (to its maximum) caused by plastic flow of the material during a tensile load?

(A) A-B
(B) B-C
(C) C-D
(D) D-E
(E) E-F

Answer 17

(D) D-E

Question 18

315. In Figure 7.1 the points represented by E and F would be closer together if the material being tested were:

(A) loaded in tension.
(B) loaded in lap shear.
(C) more ductile.
(D) less ductile.

Answer 18

(D) less ductile.

Question 19

316. The modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus is a measure of the material’s relative:

(A) tensile strength.
(B) compressive strength.
(C) resistance to stress.
(D) stiffness yield strength.

Answer 19

(D) stiffness yield strength.

Question 20

317. Which of the following materials is typically considered when the application only requires high compressive strength?

(A) Low carbon steel.
(B) High carbon steel.
(C) Cast iron.
(D) magnesium.

Answer 20

(C) Cast iron.

Question 21

318. A fatigue failure can often be prevented by using NDT to:

(A) verify the cyclic loading on a component part.
(B) detect surface discontinuities that could be stress risers.
(C) measure the endurance limit of a part undergoing cyclic stresses.
(D) determine percent elongation of a material before it is placed in service.

Answer 21

(B) detect surface discontinuities that could be stress risers.

Question 22

319. Which of the following tests uses a pendulum to break a specimen that is notched and supported on both ends with the result of measuring energy absorption?

(A) Creep test.
(B) Charpy test.
(C) Fatigue test.
(D) Transverse rupture test.

Answer 22

(B) Charpy test.

Question 23

320. Figure 7.2 typifies:

(A) a creep test curve.
(B) an S-N curve.
(C) a stress-strain diagram.
(D) true stress-strain diagram.

Answer 23

(B) an S-N curve.

Question 24

321. Direct hardness tests provide a measure of a material’s ability to resist:

(A) bending.
(B) surface and near-surface penetration.
(C) tensile stresses.
(D) elongation.

Answer 24

(B) surface and near-surface penetration.

Question 25

322. A particular type of steel has an ultimate strength of 80 000 pounds per square inch (psi) an elastic limit of 60 000 psi and a yield strength of 62 000 psi. An allowable design stress of 20 000 psi is used. What is the factor of safety based on the ultimate strength?

(A) 0.25
(B) 0.33
(C) 3
(D) 3.1
(E) None of the above.

Answer 25

(E) None of the above.

Question 26

323. Under ordinary usage metals exist as:

(A) amorphous solids.
(B) mixtures and compounds of iron and carbon.
(C) crystalline solids.
(D) face-centered cubic lattices.

Answer 26

(C) crystalline soiids.

Question 27

324. The terms “body-centered cubic “ “face-centered cubic “ and “hexagonal close-packed” all refer to the:

(A) different size grains that can exist at the same time in a metallic structure.
(B) sequence of crystalline growth in a typical mild steel.
(C) lattice structures that make up unit cells in a solid metallic structure.
(D) change in a metallic structure as it undergoes plastic deformation.

Answer 27

(C) lattice structures that make up unit cells in a solid metallic structure.

Question 28

325. On Figure 7.3 which intersection describes the “triple point” of the material?

(A) (P2 T3)
(B) (P2.T2)
(C) (Px-Tx)
(D) (Pl Tl)
(E) None of the above.

Answer 28

(C) (Px-Tx)

Question 29

326. The process of returning ductility to a cold worked low carbon steel is called:

(A) precipitation.
(B) recrystallization.
(C) allotropic change.
(D) austenitization.

Answer 29

(B) recrystallization.

Question 30

327. Many metals exhibit an increase in strength caused by plastic flow beyond the elastic limit. This effect is called:

(A) twinning.
(B) plastic deformation.
(C) work hardening.
(D) recrystallization.
(E) age hardening.

Answer 30

(C) work hardening.

Question 31

328. When used as in-process treatment recrystallization can:

(A) improve ductility.
(B) refine grains.
(C) increase hardness.
(D) result in both a and b above.
(E) result in a b and c above.

Answer 31

(D) result in both a and b above.

Question 32

329. Processes called austenitizing annealing normalizing and spheroidizing are:

(A) performed only on nonferrous metals.
(B) approximate equilibrium heat-treatment processes.
(C) cold working processes.
(D) age-hardening processes.

Answer 32

(B) approximate equilibrium heat-treatment processes.

Question 33

330. The terms “precipitation hardening” and “solution heat treatment” are often used interchangeably with the term:

(A) age hardening.
(B) recrystallization.
(C) annealing.
(D) work hardening.
(E) plasticizing.

Answer 33

(A) age hardening.

Question 34

331. An NDT method that has the ability to measure changes in electrical conductivity caused by the effects of heat treatment is:

(A) magnetic particle testing.
(B) acoustic emission testing.
(C) eddy current testing.
(D) immersion ultrasonic testing.
(E) all of the above.

Answer 34

(C) eddy current testing.

Question 35

332. Spheroidizing and normalizing have the effect of:

(A) increasing ductility.
(B) age hardening.
(C) reducing the grain size.
(D) causing a phase change.

Answer 35

(A) increasing ductility.

Question 36

333. When a steel has been quench-hardened and then reheated to some point below the lower transformation temperature for the purpose of reducing brittleness this is called:

(A) austenitization.
(B) thermal slip deformation.
(C) allotropic change.
(D) tempering.

Answer 36

(D) tempering.

Question 37

334. Annealing is usually performed to:

(A) decrease hardness.
(B) increase ductility.
(C) relieve stresses.
(D) both a and b.
(E) all of the above.

Answer 37

(E) all of the above.

Question 38

335. Attacks on metals by direct chemical action and/or electrolysis are called:

(A) rust.
(B) corrosión.
(C) austenitic transformations.
(D) galvanization.

Answer 38

(B) corrosion.

Question 39

336. Metal corrosion that is accelerated when the metal is under loads is called:

(A) pitting corrosion.
(B) galvanic corrosion.
(C) electrochemical corrosion.
(D) stress corrosion.

Answer 39

(D) stress corrosion.

Question 40

337. Which of the following may be performed to help prevent corrosion?

(A) Stress relieving.
(B) Anodizing.
(C) Dipping in molten metal.
(D) Electroplating.
(E) All of the above.

Answer 40

(E) All of the above.

Question 41

338. Factors of safety are often in the range of 2 to 4; they:

(A) provide allowances for unexpected loads or conditions.
(B) present problems in designing effective aircraft.
(C) could be reduced with the assurance of NDT techniques that the material was free of discontinuities.
(D) relate to all of the above.

Answer 41

(D) relate to all of the above.

Question 42

339. The reduction of iron ore by mixing with coke limestone and oxygen for combustion of the coke is accomplished in:

(A) a blast furnace.
(B) an open-hearth furnace.
(C) a Bessemer converter.
(D) a basic oxygen furnace.

Answer 42

(A) a blast furnace.

Question 43

340. In the iron and steel-making process the term “pig iron” refers to:

(A) the waste material that contains high concentrations of impurities and slag and is either discarded or used as a by-product.
(B) a high carbon low ductility metal that is produced in the blast furnace which can be used to make subsequent types of iron and steel.
(C) the molten metal from the blast furnace that is not usable and is poured off into a series of crude castings called “pigs.”
(D) both a and c.
(E) none of the above.

Answer 43

(B) a high carbon low ductility metal that is produced in the blast furnace which can be used to make subsequent types of iron and steel.

Question 44

341. Which of the following techniques is often used to speed-up the steel-making process?

(A) Adding large amounts of carbon to the molten metal.
(B) Reducing the amount of scrap steel that is often added to the molten metal.
(C) Adding oxygen to the molten metal.
(D) Converting the old open-hearth furnaces into electric furnaces.

Answer 44

(C) Adding oxygen to the molten metal.

Question 45

342. Typically the highest quality of steel is produced in:

(A) an electric furnace.
(B) an open-hearth furnace.
(C) a Bessemer furnace.
(D) a basic oxygen furnace.

Answer 45

(A) an electric furnace.

Question 46

343. What percentage of carbon is found in steel?

(A) Between 3% and 4%.
(B) Between 2% and 3%.
(C) Less than 0.2%.
(D) Less than 2%.

Answer 46

(D) Less than 2%.

Question 47

344. By which of the following processes is most of the world’s steel produced?

(A) Bessemer converter.
(B) Electric furnace.
(C) Open-hearth.
(D) Crucible.
(E) Basic oxygen.

Answer 47

(E) Basic oxygen.

Question 48

345. An undesirable by-product of steel-making processes is:

(A) coke.
(B) low carbon steel.
(C) low alloy steel.
(D) slag.

Answer 48

(D) slag.

Question 49

346. A steel with 40 points of carbon contains:

(A) 40% carbon.
(B) 4% carbon.
(C) 0.4% carbón.
(D) 0.04% carbón.

Answer 49

(C) 0.4% carbon.

Question 50

347. Low carbon steel contains approximately:

(A) 0.6% to 2.5% carbón.
(B) 0.06% to 0.25% carbón.
(C) 0.5% to 1.6% carbón.
(D) 5% to 16% carbón.

Answer 50

(B) 0.06% to 0.25% carbon.

Question 51

348. Corrosion-resistant steels having relatively high percentages of nickel and chromium are called:

(A) wrought iron.
(B) low alloy steels.
(C) stainless steels.
(D) nonferrous steels.

Answer 51

(C) stainless steels.

Question 52

349. Austenitic stainless steels are paramagnetic; this means that:

(A) alternating current must be used when using the magnetic particle testing method.
(B) the steel is very dense and relative to other steels difficult to penetrate with X-rays.
(C) ultrasonics is the logical NDT method to choose because of the coarse-grained nature of a paramagnetic material.
(D) all of the above are true.
(E) none of the above is true.

Answer 52

(E) none of the above is true.

Question 53

350. Which of the following is an advantage of cast steel over wrought steels?

(A) Cast steels usually have higher mechanical properties than wrought steels.
(B) Cast steels have more isotropic properties than wrought steels.
(C) Cast steels are more corrosion-resistant than wrought steels.
(D) Cast steels cannot be heat-treated and are thus less expensive to produce than wrought steels.

Answer 53

(B) Cast steels have more isotropic properties than wrought steels.

Question 54

351. Which of the following nonferrous metals is the most important structural material?

(A) Copper alloys.
(B) Nickel alloys.
(C) Zinc alloys.
(D) Aluminum alloys.

Answer 54

(D) Aluminum alloys.

Question 55

352. Which oi the following statements is true regarding the electrical conductivity of aluminum alloys?

(A) Most aluminum alloys are in the range of 70% to 96% IACS.
(B) Clad aluminum takes on the conductivity of the base metal.
(C) Each basic wrought aluminum alloy has a conductivity distinct from any other.
(D) Both a and b are true.
(E) None of the above is true.

Answer 55

(E) None of the above is true.

Question 56

353. The heat treatment of aluminum for the purpose of hardening and strengthening:

(A) is not possible with aluminum alloys because they contain no carbon and cannot undergo allotropic changes.
(B) can produce tensile strengths equivalent to some carbon steels.
(C) requires the use of special furnaces and is rarely done as a practical application.
(D) requires that iron and carbon be alloyed for the best results.

Answer 56

(B) can produce tensile strengths equivalent to some carbon steels.

Question 57

354. Which of the following metals has low strength high corrosion resistance and is used largely in die casting operations?

(A) Aluminum.
(B) Magnesium.
(C) Zinc.
(D) Manganese.

Answer 57

(C) Zinc.

Question 58

355. Which of the following metal alloys has a density approximately two-thirds that of aluminum ?

(A) Magnesium.
(B) Beryllium.
(C) Copper.
(D) Nickel.

Answer 58

(A) Magnesium.

Question 59

356. Brass and bronze are alloys of zinc tin and a large percentage of:

(A) beryllium.
(B) copper.
(C) lead.
(D) nickel.

Answer 59

(B) copper.

Question 60

357. Monel and Inconel are:

(A) nickel alloys.
(B) steel alloys.
(C) magnesium alloys.
(D) aluminum alloys.
(E) copper alloys.

Answer 60

(A) nickel alloys.

Question 61

358. Which of the following metals can typically be used in the as-cast state?

(A) Aluminum.
(B) Zinc.
(C) Steel.
(D) Iron.
(E) All of the above.

Answer 61

(E) All of the above.

Question 62

359. A high strength low density corrosion resistant metal alloy of significance in the aircraft marine chemical processing industries is:

(A) tungsten.
(B) zinc.
(C) titanium.
(D) Magnesium.

Answer 62

(C) titanium.

Question 63

360. Which of the following statements is true concerning plastics following their initial polymerization?

(A) Thermoplastics resoften when reheated.
(B) Thermosetting plastics do not soften but char and deteriorate when reheated.
(C) All plastics are synthetic and contain no natural materials.
(D) Both a and b are true.
(E) All of the above are true.

Answer 63

(D) Both a and b are true.

Question 64

361. Based on the strength-to-weight ratio:

(A) no plastic materials can compare with metals.
(B) some plastics including nylon may have strengths greater than some steels.
(C) plastics as a group are superior in strength to most ferrous metals.
(D) none of the above are true.

Answer 64

(B) some plastics including nylon may have strengths greater than some steels.

Question 65

362. Design engineers are responsible for establishing the function appearance quality and cost of a product. Regarding the role of NDT in product design which of the following is true?

(A) As a group designers (by their training and education) are adequately informed about NDT to establish NDT procedures and acceptance criteria.
(B) When NDT appears necessary in a design the designer should properly select the methods and techniques to be used by reference to NDT handbooks.
(C) Designers should depend solely upon NDT personnel to establish acceptance criteria.
(D) None of the above is true.

Answer 65

(D) None of the above is true.

Question 66

363. Manufacturing is a term that refers to processing that starts with raw material in a bulk form and is concerned mainly with processing the raw material in a manner that changes:

(A) its shape.
(B) its chemical form.
(C) its mechanical properties.
(D) its physical properties.
(E) all of the above.

Answer 66

(A) its shape.

Question 67

364. Manufacturing processes change raw material by:

(A) increasing the material’s volume.
(B) decreasing the material’s volume.
(C) solid deformation with no volume change.
(D) both a and b.
(E) all of the above.

Answer 67

(E) all of the above.

Question 68

365. Which of the following is true regarding solidification of molten metal in a casting mold?

(A) The metal cools at a constant rate thus providing fine equiaxed grains throughout.
(B) Cooling takes place in phases having different rates that produce different types of grain structure in different sections of the casting.
(C) Solidification occurs at a constant rate beginning at the interior of the casting and progressing outward.
(D) Thick sections tend to cool more rapidly than thin sections because thin sections consist mostly of fine equiaxed grains.

Answer 68

(B) Cooling takes place in phases having different rates that produce different types of grain structure in different sections of the casting.

Question 69

366. In a casting shrinkage occurs:

(A) only after the transformation from liquid to solid.
(B) only during the transformation from liquid to solid.
(C) before during and after the transformation from liquid to solid.
(D) only when the metal is in the liquid state.

Answer 69

(C) before during and after the transformation from liquid to solid.

Question 70

367. Large voids or porosity in a casting results from:

(A) turbulent flow of the molten metal during pouring.
(B) alloy element segregation.
(C) molten metal boiling because of superheat.
(D) gas evolution before and during solidification.

Answer 70

(D) gas evolution before and during solidification.

Question 71

368. During the solidification of a casting the shrinkage that occurs:

(A) may cause porosity and shrinkage cavities primarily in the outer surfaces where the metal cools first.
(B) requires that the pattern used be slightly smaller than the desired dimension of the finished casting.
(C) may cause cavities that are enlarged by the evolution of gases.
(D) may result from all of the above.

Answer 71

(B) requires that the pattern used be slightly smaller than the desired dimension of the finished casting.

Question 72

369. The design of the casting is important because the quality of the finished product can be adversely affected by the:

(A) lack of molten metal to compensate for contraction.
(B) location of the gate with reference to either progressive solidification or directional solidification.
(C) the location of “hot spots” in areas of the casting that are isolated by thin sections.
(D) all of the above.
(E) none of the above.

Answer 72

(D) all of the above.

Question 73

370. The term used to describe a discontinuity in a casting that occurs when molten metal interfaces with already solidified metal with failure to fuse at the interface is:

(A) hot tear.
(B) cold shut.
(C) lack of fusion.
(D) segregation.

Answer 73

(B) cold shut.

Question 74

371. The part of the casting where the gate or riser was attached:

(A) should be the area used to establish reference standards for future NDT examinations because this area will contain the best quality cast material.
(B) provides the best quality material because of rapid cooling in this area.
(C) should be the area that “freezes” first thus preventing excessive shrinkage cavities.
(D) may provide a concentration point for discontinuities.

Answer 74

(D) may provide a concentration point for discontinuities.

Question 75

372. Risers feeders or feed heads in castings serve to provide sources of molten metal to compensate for:

(A) misruns.
(B) cold shuts.
(C) hot tears.
(D) dendritic grain growth
.(E) shrinkage.

Answer 75

(E) shrinkage.

Question 76

373. Green sand casting molds include:

(A) sand clay and water.
(B) sand wax and solvent.
(C) sand refractory metals and water.
(D) sand carbon and green clay.

Answer 76

(A) sand clay and water.

Question 77

374. Mold material in the form of inserts that exclude metal flow and thus form internal surfaces or passages in a casting are called:

(A) chills.
(B) chaplets.
(C) cores.
(D) Patterns.

Answer 77

(C) cores.

Question 78

375. Small metal supports used to support and position cores become part of a casting by fusing with the molten metal. Such devices are called:

(A) core hangers.
(B) chills.
(C) chaplets.
(D) risers.
(E) patterns.

Answer 78

(C) chaplets.

Question 79

376. Which of the following may cause a discontinuity even though its intended purpose is to prevent shrinkage cavities by absorbing heat from the molten metal in the center of the casting?

(A) A riser.
(B) A core.
(C) An internal chill.
(D) A chaplet.

Answer 79

(C) An internal chill.

Question 80

377. Which of the following NDT methods can be commonly used to inspect castings for core shift and nonfused chaplets and used to determine that all core materials have been removed?

(A) Ultrasonic testing.
(B) Magnetic particle testing.
(C) Radiographic testing.
(D) Eddy current testing.
(E) All of the above.

Answer 80

(C) Radiographic testing.

Question 81

378. Casting molds made by covering a heated metal pattern with sand that is mixed with particles of thermosetting plastic are called:

(A) green sand molds.
(B) shell molds.
(C) plaster molds.
(D) die casting molds.
(E) permanent molds.

Answer 81

(B) shell molds.

Question 82

379. Permanent molds are most frequently made of:

(A) ceramics.
(B) fused sand and plastic.
(C) metal.
(D) plaster.

Answer 82

(C) metal.

Question 83

380. Another term for precision casting and the lost wax process is:

(A) investment casting.
(B) die casting.
(C) metal mold casting.
(D) shell mold casting.

Answer 83

(A) investment casting.

Question 84

381. A casting process used to produce hollow products like large pipes and hollow shafts is:

(A) investment casting.
(B) blow casting.
(C) core casting.
(D) centrifugal casting.

Answer 84

(D) centrifugal casting.

Question 85

382. A casting process used to produce elongated shapes by drawing solidified metal from a water-cooled mold backed by molten metal is:

(A) centrifugal casting.
(B) continuous casting.
(C) draw casting.
(D) extrusion.

Answer 85

(B) continuous casting.

Question 86

383. An assembly that has been created by joining two or more parts by one or more welds is called a:

(A) joint.
(B) bonded structure.
(C) weld.
(D) weldment.

Answer 86

(D) weldment.

Question 87

384. A general definition of welding describes the joining of two surfaces:

(A) with a filler metal that has a higher melting point than the base metal.
(B) with a filler material that is different from the base material.
(C) in a permanent union established by atom-to-atom bonds.
(D) where both heat and pressure are necessary for permanent bonding.

Answer 87

(C) in a permanent union established by atom-to-atom bonds.

Question 88

385. Of the following which is not a requirement for fusion bonding?

(A) Melting.
(B) Atomic closeness.
(C) Atomic cleanliness.
(D) Pressure.
(E) Both b and c.

Answer 88

(D) Pressure.

Question 89

386. Metallurgical effects in a weld; such as grain size variation and shrinkage are similar to those that occur in:

(A) forgings.
(B) castings.
(C) extrusions.
(D) hot-rolled plates.

Answer 89

(B) castings.

Question 90

387. Pressure welding can be accomplished with pressure alone but what else is usually added?

(A) Heat.
(B) Filler material.
(C) Oxides.
(D) Adhesives.

Answer 90

(A) Heat.

Question 91

388. Proper brazing depends upon numerous factors being controlled. Of the following which is not appropriate?

(A) Proper joint fit-up and joint preparation.
(B) Adequate heat to melt the braze filler metal.
(C) Selection of proper braze filler metal.
(D) Complete melting of the step metal and diffusion of the braze filler metal into the base metal.
(E) All of the above.

Answer 91

(D) Complete melting of the step metal and diffusion of the braze filler metal into the base metal.

Question 92

389. Soldering brazing and braze welding all:

(A) have the same strength characteristics.
(B) use a process where only the filler metal is actually melted.
(C) are fusion-type weldments.
(D) use liquid penetrant inspection to reveal porosity within the joint.

Answer 92

(B) use a process where only the filler metal is actually melted.

Question 93

390. Due to high temperatures and rapid rate of cooling the filler material used in fusion welds:

(A) is coated with an oxide to help reduce weld defects.
(B) contains alloys that will help compensate for properties lost during the welding process.
(C) is alloyed with nickel copper and carbon to eliminate cracking.
(D) should be as close as possible to the same alloy content as the base material.

Answer 93

(B) contains alloys that will help compensate for properties lost during the welding process.

Question 94

391. The uneven shrinkage and brittle structures that occur due to the rapid cooling of a weld can often be reduced by:

(A) preheating the weldment prior to welding.
(B) using a filler metal with a higher carbon content than the base metal.
(C) clamping the weldment in a rigid fixture.
(D) over designing the size of the weldment to prevent shrinkage.

Answer 94

(A) preheating the weldment prior to welding.

Question 95

392. After welding many steel weldments are heat treated to obtain more uniform properties between the weld and base metal and to relieve stress. Which heat treatment method is often used following welding?

(A) Tempering.
(B) Martensitic aging.
(C) Normalizing.
(D) Spheroidizing.

Answer 95

(C) Normalizing.

Question 96

393. Weldments subject to restraint during welding can develop high residual stresses. Unrestrained weldments can develop:

(A) geometric distortion.
(B) high residual stresses.
(C) cracking after the weld has cooled.
(D) all of the above.

Answer 96

(D) all of the above.

Question 97

394. Welds and weldments have been known to develop cracks long ‘after cooling but prior to being used in service. What is the principal cause for such cracks?

(A) Accelerated corrosion at high temperature.
(B) Scattered porosity in the weld.
(C) Improper selection of base material.
(D) Excessive residual stresses.

Answer 97

(D) Excessive residual stresses.

Question 98

395. In arc welding the electric arc is usually sustained between an electrode and the:

(A) welding machine.
(B) coating on the electrode.
(C) work piece.
(D) shielding gas.

Answer 98

(C) work piece.

Question 99

396. Which of the following gases are most frequently used as shielding to provide an inert atmosphere in the vicinity of the weld?

(A) Argon helium and carbon dioxide.
(B) Neon tritium and helium.
(C) Sulphur dioxide argon and oxygen.
(D) Argon nitrogen and hydrogen.

Answer 99

(A) Argon helium and carbon dioxide.

Question 100

397. When molten metal is transferred from the electrode to the weld zone it can be shielded from the atmosphere by:

(A) the burning of coatings on the welding electrode.
(B) maintaining the arc beneath flux powders.
(C) the flow of a shielding gas around the arc.
(D) all of the above.

Answer 100

(D) all of the above.

Question 101

398. The burn-off rate and amount of spattering during the arc welding process can often be controlled by:

(A) proper post-heating of the entire weldment.
(B) frequent changing of the tungsten electrode.
(C) maintaining the longest arc length possible to reduce the heat in the weld zone.
(D) selecting the proper electrode polarity.

Answer 101

(D) selecting the proper electrode polarity.

Question 102

399. Which of the following welding processes uses a nonconsumable electrode with the arc maintained in an atmosphere of inert gas?

(A) Gas Tungsten Arc welding.
(B) Submerged Arc welding.
(C) Gas Metal Arc welding.
(D) Electroslag welding.

Answer 102

(A) Gas Tungsten Arc welding.

Question 103

400. Shielding in the submerged arc welding process is provided by:

(A) gases.
(B) granular flux that completely surrounds the arc.
(C) a flux-coated welding rod.
(D) chopped glass fibers.

Answer 103

(B) granular flux that completely surrounds the arc.