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Parasitology > Day 8: Protozoa-Flagellates, Hemoflagellates and Hemosporidians > Flashcards

Day 8: Protozoa-Flagellates, Hemoflagellates and Hemosporidians Flashcards

1
Q

What is Giardia

A

Flagellate protozoan parasite
2 stages are cyts and trophozoites
Common in dogs and cats
Less common in ruminants
Rare in horses and pigs
All species of Giardia are considered zoonotic
Fecal-oral transmission
Direct lifecycle

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2
Q

What is the lifecycle of Giardia

A

Host ingest cyst
Trophozoite attaches to the brush border of the villous epithelium of the intestines
Trophozite reproduces by binary fission
Cyst forms and is released in feces

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of Giardia

A

Maldigestion
Malabsorption
Pipestream diarrhea

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4
Q

What is the Diagnosis of Giardia

A

Direct smear with Lugols iodine stain
Fecal flotation via centrifugation
Fecal ELISA test (SNAP test)
Direct fluorescent antibody test

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5
Q

How do you treat Giardia

A

Hard to control infection
Metronidazole
Fenbendazole
Sometimes used together

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6
Q

How to control Giardia

A

Bathing animal and sanitizing environment
Vaccine developed for dogs and cats, but no longer available

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7
Q

What is Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Flagellates
Pear shaped
Axostyle divides parasite in half
Undulating membrane with flagella

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8
Q

What is the life cycle of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Reproduces by binary fission
Transferred directly from cow to bull to cow during breeding

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9
Q

What is the distribution of tritrichomonas foetus

A

Western US
Occurs more frequently in beef operations where natural breeding is practiced than in dairy herds

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10
Q

What is the clinical signs of Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Abortion (early inapparent abortion)
Pyometra
Delayed calving
Infection in bulls is usually inapparent

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11
Q

How do you diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus

A

Culture techniques are most sensitive
Specific stains
ELISA
Agglutination test

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12
Q

What is the control of tritrichomonas foetus

A

Use young bulls only for breeding
Young bulls are resistant and act only as transient vectors of the organism
Testing and culling positive
New animals entering a herd should be tested

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13
Q

What are the two common hemoflagellates`

A

Leishmania donovani
Leishmania major

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14
Q

What is Leishmania donovani

A

Visceral form
Infects humans and dogs
Cuases a chronic wasting disease in dogs with skin lesions

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15
Q

What is Leishmania major

A

Cutaneous forms
Infects humans, dogs, rodents and wild mammals

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16
Q

What is the epidemiology of Leishmania

A

Mainly a tropical disease and endemic to the Mediterranean
Vectorborne disease transmitted by sand flies
Transmission in US by direct contact with blood of an infected dogs (fighting, blood transfusion)
Vertical

17
Q

Explain the life cycle of Leishamania

A

Amastigotes are intracellular in macrophages
Amastigotes multiply by simple division
Promastigotes are taken up in blood meal and are free living in the sand fly
Promastigotes are injected into a host when the fly feeds on blood
Promastigote are the infective form for dogs
Amastigotes were transferred directly by blood transfusion to other dogs

18
Q

What are the clinical sign of Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL)

A

Skin lesions
Decreased red blood cell and platelet numbers
Lymphadenopathy of the lymph nodes
Emaciation
Renal failure
Neuralgia
Pain in the joints

19
Q

What is the treatment for CVL

A

Rarely curative
Prognosis for emaciated chronically infected animals is very poor

20
Q

What are the species of Haemosporidians-Babesia

A

Babesia bigemina-Infects cattles causing “texas fever” or “red water fever”
Caballi
equi
canis
gibsoni
felis

21
Q

What i the morphology of Haemosporidians-Babesia

A

Apple-seed like piroplasms
Found in pairs in RBCs
Transmission by ticks

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of Haemosporidians-Babesia

A

Pyrexia
Hemoglobinuria
Anemia
Icterus
Splenomegaly

23
Q

Which animals are more susceptible to Haemosporidians - Babesia

A

In cattle, older cattle
In all animals, splenectomy increases susceptibility
Cats can present with chronic nonspecific signs such as anorexia, lethargy, weakness, and rough haircoat

24
Q

What is the diagnosis of Haemosporidians - Babesia

A

Animals can become carriers
Finding the organism on Giemsa-stained thin blood smears
ELISA for B. canis
IFA

25
Q

What are the 2 species of Haemosporidians - Leucocytozoon

A

Leucocytozoon simondi - high mortality in ducks
Leucocytozoon smithi - highly fatal in turkeys

Parasitology (10 decks)

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