Day 4: Hookworm of Dogs and Cats Flashcards
What is the name of hookworms in dogs and cats
Ancylostoma caninum
What is the morphology of hookworms
Adult worms are small sized (~1 inch) and red in color
having the 3-cutting “teeth” on each side of the oral opening
Adults and L4 larvae have teeth and suck blood
What is the epidemiology of Hookworms
Canine hookworm
Occurs in tropical, subtropical and warm temperatures
Wildest host range-Other canids like coyotes, wolves, foxes, etc.
What is the generalized life cycle of hookworms
Infection by skin penetration or ingestion of L3 larvae
L3 larvae penetrate, migrate through tissues and lungs then get coughed up, swallowed ane developed to adult in small intestines
What are the routes of Infection of hookworms
Transmammary (lactogenic) most important route
Peroral-Tracheal migration not required; development occurs in intestine
Percutaneous-Tracheal migration with maturity by 21 days
Transplacental-Very minor less than 2% of newborns infected this way
What are the clinical signs of hookworms
Young pups are most susceptible
Signs are due to L4 and adults in intestines sucking blood
Anemia is severe/blood loss can be medical emergency
White MM
Diarrhea (black tarry stools)
Depression
Weak
Anorexia
Pot bellied
Iron deficient
Can have bloody stools
How is the outcome of Hookworm affected
Strain of hookworm
Nutrtional status
Iron reserves
Resistance and immune status
What is the pathology of hookworms
Anemia-microcytic (small size)
Hypochronic (Hb deficient)
What are the other species of Hookworms
Uncinaria stenocephala
Ancylostoma brasilense
Ancylostoma tubaeforme
What are the traits of Uncinaria stenocephala
Adults have cutting plates
Take less blood then A. caninum
Principal canine hookworm in northern cooler regions
What are the traits of Ancylostoma brasilense
Large buccal capsule has two teeth on each side
Infects both cats and dogs
Found from Florida to N. Carolina
Most efficient skin penetrator
What are the traits of Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Infects only cats
Not common
What does the Hookworm egg look like
Strongyle-type egg
Only strongyle type egg found in dog feces
Diagnosed by fecal flotation
What is the name for Whipworm
Trichuris
What are the species of Trichuris
vulpis
suis
discolor
serrata
What species is trichuris vulpis
Dog
What species is trichuris suis
Pigs
What species is trichurus discolor
Ruminants
What species is trichurus serrata
Cats
What is the morphology of whipworms
Adults are 30-45 mm in length
Shaped like a whip
Adults have long slender anterior end that is wound through mucosa colon to keep the worm in place
What do the eggs in whipworms look like
Barrel shaped eggs with polar plugs
What is the epidemiology of trichuris
Eggs resistant and persist for years
Common in dogs kept on chain or in small lots
Common in swine kept in confinement
Associated with secondary bacterial diarrhea with Campylobacter in dogs and pigs
What is the prepatent period of Trichuris in pigs and dogs
40 days in pigs
10 weeks/70 days in dogs
What are the clinical signs of trichuris
Diarrhea (colon orgin)
Low volume/low frequency
Weight loss
Straining to defecate
Secondary bacterial infections
Idiopathic diarrhea in adult dogs
