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Parasitology > Day 12: Tapeworms > Flashcards

Day 12: Tapeworms Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum are Tapreworms under

A

Plathelminthes

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2
Q

What are the sheep tapeworms called

A

Moniezia expansa

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3
Q

What are the cattle tapeworms called

A

Moniezia bendeni

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4
Q

What is the morphology of ruminant tapeworms

A

Very long
Wide, short proglottids with bilateral genitalia
Unarmed scolex with 4 large suckers for attachment
Square eggs with embryophore

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5
Q

What is the intermediate host in moniezia expanse

A

Oribatid mite

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of moniezia expansa

A

Non-pathogenic when worm numbers are low
Diarrhea
Spontaneous cure in cattle ~3 weeks old

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7
Q

What is the pathology in moniezia expansa

A

Necrotic lesions only in heavy infections

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8
Q

What are the two horse tapeworm species

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata
Anoplocephala magna

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9
Q

What is the morphology of anoplocephala

A

Torpedo shaped tapeworms
Scolex is small with 4 suckers and 2 lappets
Triangular-shaped eggs with pyriform apparatus

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10
Q

What is the life cycle of anoplocephala

A

Main cestode of horses
Mite containing the larval stage is ingested by the horse

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11
Q

Where is anoplocephala perfoliata found in the horse

A

Ileocecal junction, cecum and colon (common)

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12
Q

Where is anoplocephala magna found in the horse

A

Small intestines (uncommon)

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13
Q

What is the intermediate host in horses

A

Oribatid mite

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Anoplocephala

A

Usually few clinical signs
inflammation at the ileocecal junction, colic, and intussusception
Low tolerance for tapeworm segments

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15
Q

What is the pathology of Anoplocephala

A

Heavy infections can cause hyperplasia of the ileum, intestinal erosions, perforations, and intussusception

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16
Q

What is the dog tapeworm called

A

Dipylidium caninum

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17
Q

What is the morphology of Dipylidium caninum

A

Scolex less than 0.5mm in diameter
Rostellum on the scolex can retract; it has small thorn-like hooks for attachment to gut
Proglottids are shaped like cucumber seeds and have bilateral genital pores
Proglottids have bilateral genitalia

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18
Q

What is the epidemiology of dipylidium caninum

A

Cyclophyllidean tapeworms which infect dogs and cats
Most common tapeworm of dogs, can occur in cats

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19
Q

What is the lifecycle of Diplylidium caninum

A

Intermediate stage is the cysticercoid that develops in fleas and biting lice
Dogs become infected by ingesting fleas or lice containing the cysticeroid
Adult tapeworms are in the small intestines

20
Q

How long is the prepatent period for Diplylidium caninum

A

1 month

21
Q

What is the diagnosis of diplylidium caninum

A

Recognized by egg capsules in a fecal flotation
Identify segments with particular morphology crawling on feces

22
Q

What are the hosts for Taenia taeniaformis

A

Definitive host Cats and dogs
Intermediate hosts are rodents

23
Q

What are the stages for Taenia taeniaformis

A

Intermediate stage is a cysticerus
Adult tapeworm lives in the small intestine
Proglottids or eggs are passed in the feces
Eggs are fully developed when passed in feces and are infective to the intermediate host

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of taenia taeniaformis

A

Few to no clinical signs are seen in dogs and cats

25
Q

What is the morphology of taenia saginata

A

Tapeworm is 5 meters long

26
Q

Who are the hosts of Taeenia saginata

A

Definitive hosts is humans
Intermediate host is cattle
Intermediate stage is the cysticercus

27
Q

What is the lifecycle of taenia saginata

A

In cattle the cysticerus encysts in muscle (heart and muscles of mastication)
Cattle become infected by contamination of pastures and feed by human feces
humans become infected by ingesting contaminated meat that is undercooked

28
Q

What are the clinical signs in Taenia saginata

A

Few clinical signs in infected humans
Economic losses due to condemnation of carcasses

29
Q

What is the diagnosis of Taenia saginata

A

Observation of cysticercus in meat at necropsy

30
Q

How do you control Taenia saginata

A

Prevent contamination of human feces in cattle feed
Proper sewage management
Routine exam of feedlot workers
Good hygiene of feedlot workers

31
Q

Who are the hosts for Taenia solium

A

Definitive host is humans only
Intermediate hosts include swine, camels, dogs, monkeys and humans

32
Q

What is the lifecycle of Taenia solium

A

Humans can also be infected with cysticerus which can cause neurological disease
Humans can self infect leading to serious disease

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of taenia solium

A

CNS signs in intermediate hosts
View measly meats as a delicacy

34
Q

What is Echinococcus granulosus

A

Dog tapeworm

35
Q

What is the morphology of echinococcus granulosus

A

Adult tapeworms that are very small
Adult tapeworms that have only 3 segments

36
Q

What is the epidemiology of echinicoccus granulosus

A

Mainly in West and Northwest USA, Canada

37
Q

What is the lifecycle of echinococcus granulosus

A

Intermediate stage is the hydatid which contains many daughter brood capsules
Tremendous reproductive potential afforded by the intermediate stage

38
Q

Who are the hosts for echinococcus granulosus

A

Definitive host is the dog
Intermediate hosts are sheep

39
Q

What is the zoonotic potential of echinococcus granulosus

A

Humans substitute for the intermediate host
Sheep and humans become infected by accidentally ingesting eggs from dog feces

40
Q

How do you diagnose echinococcus granulosus

A

Fecal flotation
Other taenid tapeworm eggs cannot be distinguished from echinococcus eggs

41
Q

What is the pathology in humans when infected with echinococcus granulosus

A

Mass on brain or liver
Immunological tests to detect cysticeri or hydatids
Surgical removal is necessary

42
Q

What do Moniezia and anophlocephala eggs look like

A

Fecal float
Triangular or square with a hexacanth embryo in a pyriform apparatus
Rectangular proglottids are found in the feces

43
Q

What do Taenid Tapeworm eggs look like

A

Spherical with thick wall with striations
Cannot be speciated by their ova so all have the same type of egg
Eggs fully infective to the intermediate host

44
Q

What is the treatment of Cestode Infections

A

Praziquantel (Droncit)
Epsiprantel (Cestex)

45
Q
A

Parasitology (10 decks)

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