Day 17, Lecture 1: Cancer IV: Chemotherapy Overview II

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

What is Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) treated with

Answer 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Breast Cancer classifications

Answer 6

Question 7

Imatinib/Gleevec

Answer 7

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
  
  • targets ABL (including BCR-ABL)
  • KIT
  • PDGF receptor (platelet derived growth factor)
• Used for CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
  
  • Philadelphia chromosome positive t(9;22)
    
    • has BCR-ABL fusion protein
    • Displays hyperproliferation of granulocytes
• Also used for therapy of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
  
  • targets in this case is KIT

Question 8

HER2 and breast cancer

Answer 8

Question 9

HER2 inhibitors

Answer 9

• Trastuzumab/Herceptin
  
  • ​anti-HER2 antibody
• Lapatinib**
  
  • ​HER2 kinase inhibitor

Question 10

Question 11

EGFR inhibitors

Answer 11

• Erlotinib/Tarceva
  
  • ​treats NSCLC (non-small cell Lung cancer)
• Gefitinib/Iressa
  
  • ​treats NSCLC (non-small cell Lung cancer)
• Cetuximab/Erbitux
  
  • ​antibody
  • treats:
    
    • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • colon cancer

Question 12

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Answer 12

Question 13

Bevacizumab (Avastin)

Answer 13

• Angiogenesis inhibitor
• VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) antibody
• Treats:
  
  • Colorectal cancer
  • NSCLC (non small cell lung cancer)

Question 14

Vemurafenib/Zelboraf

Answer 14

• Serine/Threonine kinase inhibitors
• Targets V600E mutation of B-RAF (60% of all melanomas; FDA approved for late stage melanomas)

Question 15

Bortezomib/Velcade

Answer 15

• Proteasome inhibitors
• Small molecule inhibitor of 26s proteosome
• Treats:
  
  • Multiple Myeloma

Question 16

The study of heritable change in gene expression that occurs independent of changes in the primary DNA sequence

Answer 16

• Epigenetics

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

DNA methylation

Answer 20

Question 21

Question 22

Azacitidine (Vidaza)

Answer 22

Question 23

Vorinostat/SAHA

Answer 23

• Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor
  
  • thus resulting in reactivation of tumor suppressor genes
• Treats:
  
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Question 24

Immunotherapy

Answer 24

Question 25

Gene Therapy

Answer 25

• Insertion, alteration, or removal of a gene in a patient’s cells to treat disease
• Requires a deliver vehicle (e.g. virus) that carries a gene and is taken up by target cells
• Gene has to be persistant within the target cell and direct the efficient expression of its gene product
• Issues to be addressed
  
  • Specificity for target cells
  • Persistant expression
  • Adverse immune responses

Question 26

Virotherapy

Answer 26

• Reprogram viruses to treat disease
• Often mixed with Gene therapy and/or immunotherapy