Dates Pt. 8; Late Republic

Question 1

Late Republic

Answer 1

133-31

Question 2

Africanus the Younger dies under mysterious circumstances.

Answer 2

129 BCE

Question 3

L. Opimius gains a SCU to kill G. Gracchus and 3,000 of his supporters. In brighter news, the most expensive ancient wine (Falernian Opimian vintage) made this year.

Answer 3

121 BCE

Question 4

Jugurtha kills his half-brother Adherbal (along with many Italians defending him).

Answer 4

112 BCE

Question 5

Jugurthine War begins.

Answer 5

112-06 BCE

Question 6

Jugurtha defeats a Roman army. Caecillius Metellus sent to Africa.

Answer 6

109 BCE

Question 7

Marius replaces Metellus as commander in Africa. Jugurtha is betrayed to Sulla, ending the Jugurthine War.

Answer 7

106 BCE

Question 8

The Cimbri destroy a Roman army at the B. of Arausio. Worst Roman defeat since Cannae (80,000-120,000 Roman losses).

Answer 8

105 BCE

Question 9

Second Servile War begins in Sicily, taking four years to be subdued.

Answer 9

104 BCE

Question 10

Marius defeats the Teutones at the B. of Aquae Sextae.

Answer 10

102 BCE

Question 11

Marius and L. Catulus defeat the Cimbri at the B. of Vercellae.

Answer 11

101 BCE

Question 12

Marius’ sixth consulship. Glaucia and Saturninus conspire with him to trick Q. Caecillius Metellus Numidicus into exile. When Glaucia kills a fellow candidate for consul, Marius abandons his allies and kills them at the behest of a SCU.

Answer 12

100 BCE

Question 13

Social War begins.

Answer 13

91-88 BCE

Question 14

The lex Plautia Papiria gives citizenship to surrendered Italian rebels (the lex Julia had given faithful allies citizenship in 90). Social War largely over, though trouble spots remain until 82.

Answer 14

89 BCE

Question 15

Angered by Roman aid for Bithynia, Mithridates VI kills 80,000 Italians in Asia in a single day. First Mithridatic War (88-4) begins. Marius attempts to use populares politics to wrest control of the Mithridatic command from Sulla. Sulla marches on Rome, restores order, leaves for the East. Marius in exile.

Answer 15

88 BCE

Question 16

A vengeful Marius retakes Rome. He dies in Jan. 86. Power with his son and Cinna.

Answer 16

87 BCE

Question 17

Sulla wins the B. of Orchomenus. Mithridates signs the Treaty of Dardanus, ending the First Mithridatic War.

Answer 17

85 BCE

Question 18

Cinna killed by mutinous troops.

Answer 18

84 BCE

Question 19

L. Licinius Murena provokes Second Mithridatic War (83-1). It ends two years later with Mithridates’ victory. Sulla lands in Italy, joined by Pompey.

Answer 19

83 BCE

Question 20

Crassus wins great glory on the right wing at the Battle of the Colline Gate. Sulla defeats Telesinus (fighting for Marians and Samnites). Pompey violently represses Marians in Sicily and Africa. Sulla dictator in Rome. Violent proscriptions.

Answer 20

82 BCE

Question 21

Sulla retires and dies soon thereafter in 78.

Answer 21

81 BCE

Question 22

The consul Lepidus revolts, is crushed by L. Catulus and Pompey.

Answer 22

77 BCE

Question 23

Mithridates invades Bithynia after it is bequeathed to Rome.

Answer 23

74 BCE

Question 24

Third Mithridatic War

Answer 24

73-63 BCE

Question 25

After nearly eight years, the Sertorian War ends in Spain. End of Marian resistance.

Answer 25

72 BCE

Question 26

After two years, the revolt of Spartacus is repressed.

Answer 26

71 BCE

Question 27

Lucullus defeats Mithridates and Tigranes at the B. of Tigranocerta.

Answer 27

69 BCE

Question 28

Pompey gains an unprecedented imperium in order to deal with pirates.

Answer 28

67 BCE

Question 29

Pompey sent eastward to deal with Mithridates. Lucullus sent westward to deal with fishponds.

Answer 29

66 BCE

Question 30

Cicero’s consular year. Catalinarian conspiracy uncovered. Octavian born. Mithridates, he died old.

Answer 30

63 BCE

Question 31

Caesar’s first consular year. First Triumvirate formed, Cicero exiled, Clodius Pulcher made a pleb.

Answer 31

59 BCE

Question 32

Caesar defeats Helvetii at B. of Bibracte.

Answer 32

58 BCE

Question 33

Gallic War

Answer 33

58-50 BCE

Question 34

Cicero recalled from exile. Caesar defeats Ariovistus at B. of Vesontio.

Answer 34

57 BCE

Question 35

Meeting at Lucca restores the First Triumvirate.

Answer 35

56 BCE

Question 36

After a preliminary invasion the previous year, Caesar invades Britain in earnest.

Answer 36

54 BCE

Question 37

Crassus falls at Carrhae. Massive Gallic revolt, beginning from previous winter.

Answer 37

53 BCE

Question 38

Pompey made sole consul. Publius Clodius killed. His slayer, Milo, goes into exile. Caesar granted right to run for office while out of the city (in contradiction to a law passed that same year). B. of Gergovia, B. of Avaricum. Caesar defeats Vercingetorix at B. of Alesia.

Answer 38

52 BCE

Question 39

Caesar crosses the Rubicon, starting Civil War (49-5). Pompey flees to Greece, Caesar gains control of Spain at the B. of Ilerda.

Answer 39

49 BCE

Question 40

Defeated at B. of Dyrrachium, Caesar wins B. of Pharsalus, Pompey flees to Egypt and is killed.

Answer 40

48 BCE

Question 41

Caesar defeats Republicans at Thapsus, Cato commits suicide.

Answer 41

46 BCE

Question 42

Caesar defeats last Pompeian resistance in Spain at B. of Munda. Civil War ends.

Answer 42

45 BCE

Question 43

Caesar murdered. Cassius and Brutus flee east.

Answer 43

44 BCE

Question 44

Antony attempts to take Decimus Brutus’ governorship of Cisalpine Gaul, triggering the Mutina War. He is defeated by the consuls Hirtius and Pansa (both killed) and the upstart Octavian. After Lepidus (the gov. of Transalpine Gaul) intervenes for Antony, the Second Triumvirate is formed. Violent proscriptions.

Answer 44

43 BCE

Question 45

Brutus and Cassius defeated at Philippi. Antony given the East, Octavian the West, Lepidus the leftovers.

Answer 45

42 BCE

Question 46

Treaty of Brundisium restores second Triumvirate and extends it five more years.

Answer 46

40 BCE

Question 47

B. of Naulochos. Sextus Pompey executed, ending Pompeian faction. Lepidus’ troops in Sicily desert to Octavian. Lepidus in exile, Octavian now controls the whole West Med.

Answer 47

36 BCE

Question 48

Octavian becomes consul despite expiration of Triumvirate, Senate largely flees to Antony. Octavian publishes the Donations of Alexandria, created two years earlier by Antony.

Answer 48

32 BCE