Dates Pt. 12; Early Middle Ages 2

Question 1

Arab siege of Constantinople fails. Uthman, the third caliph, is killed. Ali is appointed caliph, attempts to oust Uthman’s kin, triggering the First Fitna.

Answer 1

AD 654

Question 2

Pippinid Grimoald attempts to put son on throne in Neustria, nobles revolt and he is tortured to death.

Answer 2

AD 656

Question 3

Mu’awiya is recognized as God’s Deupty on Earth.

Answer 3

AD 660

Question 4

Ali, the last of the Four Righteous Caliphs, dies. The Umayyad Dynasty formally begins.

Answer 4

AD 661

Question 5

Pippin I (of Herstal) mayor of palace in Austrasia.

Answer 5

AD 675

Question 6

Thirty Year Truce made between Romans and Muslims, on terms favorable to the Romans.

Answer 6

AD 677

Question 7

Mu’awiya’s son Yazid succeeds his father, sparking the Second Fitna. Ebroin, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria, assassinated. Austrasia now more powerful of the two kingdoms.

Answer 7

AD 680

Question 8

The Austrasian mayor of the palace, Pippin II, defeats the Neustrians at B. of Tertry. Pippin II now effectively governs both kingdoms.

Answer 8

AD 687

Question 9

The Umayyad ‘Abd al-Malik wins the Second Fitna.

Answer 9

AD 692

Question 10

With the fall of Carthage, Muslims conquer N. Africa.

Answer 10

AD 698

Question 11

Arab invasion of Spain. Last Visigothic king driven out within the year.

Answer 11

AD 711

Question 12

Pippin II dies without a suitable legitimate heir. Chaos.

Answer 12

AD 714

Question 13

After many men die, Pippin II’s illegitimate son, Charles Martel, is mayor of both kingdoms.

Answer 13

AD 717

Question 14

After two years, the second Arab siege of Constantinople fails.

Answer 14

AD 718

Question 15

The English monk Wynfreth is named Boniface by Pope Gregory II and sent to preach to Frisians.

Answer 15

AD 719

Question 16

Emperor Leo II inaugurates first round of Iconoclasm.

Answer 16

AD 726

Question 17

Pope convenes council condemning iconoclasm. Rome and Constantinople in schism.

Answer 17

AD 731

Question 18

Charles Martel defeats the Arabs at Poitiers (Tours).

Answer 18

AD 732

Question 19

After the death of Theuderic IV, Charles Martel rules alone as interrex.

Answer 19

AD 737

Question 20

Charles Martel dies. Pippin III (the short) and Carloman rule.

Answer 20

AD 741

Question 21

Chrodegang, the Alcuin of Pippin III, made Archbishop of Metz.

Answer 21

AD 742

Question 22

The Third Fitna begins, starting as a dispute over Umayyad succession. Childeric III raised by Carloman and Pippin the Short to kingship.

Answer 22

AD 744

Question 23

Monastery of Gorze founded.

Answer 23

AD 745

Question 24

Abbasid revolution begins. Boniface faces resistance from Frankish nobles (who fear an alliance with Rome).

Answer 24

AD 746

Question 25

Carloman retires to a monastery, Pippin the Short the only Mayor of the Palace.

Answer 25

AD 747

Question 26

Pope Zacharias approves Pippinid plan to oust the Merovingians.

Answer 26

AD 749

Question 27

Abbasids defeat Umayyads. As-Saffah becomes first Abbasid Caliph. Bubonic Plague in Middle East.

Answer 27

AD 750

Question 28

Pepin the Short deposes Childeric III, becoming king of the Franks, anointed by Boniface. Ravenna falls to the Lombards.

Answer 28

AD 751

Question 29

In return for his aid against the Lombards, Pope Stephen II anoints Pepin and his family in Paris. Boniface martyred in Germany. Pippin campaigns against Lombards in the following year. Possible date for the Donation of Constantine.

Answer 29

AD 754

Question 30

Byzantines send an embassy to Pepin, recognizing him as a king (and giving him an organ).

Answer 30

AD 757

Question 31

Pepin captures Umayyad-held Narbonne.

Answer 31

AD 759

Question 32

Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate moved to Baghdad.

Answer 32

AD 762

Question 33

After a decade long bitter war, Aquitaine is firmly placed in Frankish control. Pepin dies, leaving his kingdom to Charlemagne and Carloman.

Answer 33

AD 768

Question 34

Charlemagne marries Desiderata, the daughter of the Lombard king Desideratus.

Answer 34

AD 770

Question 35

Carloman dies. Charlemagne’s marriage to Desiderata is annulled.

Answer 35

AD 771

Question 36

Hadrian becomes pope. Greek, imperial dating, no longer used in Curia. Pope fully independent.

Answer 36

AD 772

Question 37

After defeating Desideratus (at papal behest), Charlemagne becomes king of the Lombards.

Answer 37

AD 774

Question 38

The first war against the Saxons and their leader Widukind.

Answer 38

AD 775

Question 39

Construction begins on Charlemagne’s palace at Aachen.

Answer 39

AD 777

Question 40

Charlemagne’s rearguard is destroyed by Basques at Roncevalles.

Answer 40

AD 778

Question 41

Charlemagne’s son Pippin made king of Italy. Alcuin comes to Charlemagne’s court.

Answer 41

AD 781

Question 42

Massacre of Verden, Charlemagne kills 4200 Saxon prisoners. Paul the Deacon arrives at court.

Answer 42

AD 782

Question 43

Charlemagne subdues Bavaria.

Answer 43

AD 788

Question 44

Second Council of Nicaea is held, declaring iconoclasm heretical.

Answer 44

AD 787

Question 45

Admonitio Generalis issued.

Answer 45

AD 789

Question 46

The first war against the Avar.

Answer 46

AD 791

Question 47

Conspiracy of Pippin the Hunchback. Heresy of Felix condemned (as it will be again at Frankfurt next year).

Answer 47

AD 792

Question 48

Bad famine. Charlemagne attempts to build a Rhine-Danube canal.

Answer 48

AD 793