Dates Pt. 13; Early Middle Ages 3

Question 1

Charlemagne holds Council of Frankfurt which rejects the decrees of the Council of Nicaea. Court now almost exclusively at Aachen.

Answer 1

AD 794

Question 2

Hadrian dies, and Leo III is pope. Leo notifies Charlemagne (rather than the Byz. Emperor) of his election.

Answer 2

AD 795

Question 3

Avar hring falls. Einhard arrives at court.

Answer 3

AD 796

Question 4

Irene blinds her son and becomes Empress.

Answer 4

AD 797

Question 5

Pope Leo III is attacked in Rome. He is restored to power by Charlemagne, who enters Italy in 800.

Answer 5

AD 799

Question 6

Charlemagne crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III, Christmas Day.

Answer 6

800 AD

Question 7

Barcelona falls to the Franks.

Answer 7

AD 801

Question 8

Saxon wars end. Alcuin dies.

Answer 8

AD 804

Question 9

Charlemagne divides his kingdom between Pippin (the Italian), Charles, and Louis (divisio regni).

Answer 9

AD 806

Question 10

Cattle plague forces Charlemagne to abandon his last major campaign, against Danes. Pippin of Italy dies.

Answer 10

AD 810

Question 11

Charles dies, Louis Charlemagne’s last legitimate son.

Answer 11

AD 811

Question 12

Charlemagne dies.

Answer 12

AD 814

Question 13

Louis the Pious creates the ordinatio imperii dividing his empire among his (then three) sons, Lothar, Pippin, and Louis. Bernard of Italy, revolts, is blinded, dies. Benedictine Rule established as monastic rule for all monasteries in Frankish territory. Terminus post quam for plan of St. Gall (terminus ante quam 830).

Answer 13

AD 817

Question 14

Louis voluntarily performs public penance for Bernard’s death.

Answer 14

AD 822

Question 15

Charles the Bald born to Louis’ new wife, Judith.

Answer 15

AD 823

Question 16

New division of empire to accommodate Charles, Lothar and Louis the German revolt.

Answer 16

AD 829

Question 17

Rebellion in Francia suppressed, Lothar exiled to Italy.

Answer 17

AD 831

Question 18

Louis’ children revolt again. Pope Gregory IV travels to Francia to mediate, is rejected by bishops, tricked by Lothar. At the Field of Lies, Louis’ army deserts, he is stripped of title, Lothar proclaimed emperor.

Answer 18

AD 833

Question 19

Lothar’s rebellion crumbles, Louis proclaimed emperor again.

Answer 19

AD 834

Question 20

Vikings attack Dorestad.

Answer 20

AD 835

Question 21

Charles the Bald crowned King of Burgundy and Alemannia. Third uprising begins. Pippin dies, Pippin II (another son of Louis) gets nothing, joins rebellion.

Answer 21

AD 837

Question 22

First Vikings in Constantinople.

Answer 22

AD 839

Question 23

Louis dies in the midst of civil war. Lothar and Pippin II fight Louis the German and Charles the Bald. Einhard dies.

Answer 23

AD 840

Question 24

Charles and Louis defeat Lothar at the B. of Fontenoy.

Answer 24

AD 841

Question 25

Charles and Louis make a formal alliance (Strasbourg Oaths).

Answer 25

AD 842

Question 26

Treaty of Verdun between Louis the German and Charles the Bald.

Answer 26

AD 843

Question 27

If he didn’t die in the previous year fighting Pippin II, Nithard died this year fighting Vikings.

Answer 27

AD 845

Question 28

Hrabanus Maurus dies. Lothar, son of Louis, dies.

Answer 28

AD 855

Question 29

Traditional date when Ruric founds Rus.

Answer 29

AD 862

Question 30

Louis the German dies.

Answer 30

AD 876

Question 31

Charles the Bald dies.

Answer 31

AD 877

Question 32

Charles the Fat, King of East Francia, is elected King of West Francia, thereby reuniting the two halves of the empire for what would be the last time.

Answer 32

AD 884

Question 33

Odo leads a brilliant defense of Paris against the Vikings. Charles the Fat bungles everything.

Answer 33

AD 885

Question 34

Charles the Fat is deposed. Odo is elected king of West Francia and Arnulf King of East Francia, the first non-Carolingians to have held the Frankish kingship since Childeric III.

Answer 34

AD 887

Question 35

Odo’s failure against the Vikings causes Fulk of Rheims to launch crown Charles the Simple king, sparking four years of civil war.

Answer 35

AD 893

Question 36

Foundation of Cluny.

Answer 36

AD 909

Question 37

Charles signs the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte with Rollo, creating Normandy.

Answer 37

AD 911

Question 38

Charles the Simple is deposed.

Answer 38

AD 922

Question 39

Henry the Fowler becomes king of the Germans (East Francia).

Answer 39

AD 919

Question 40

Henry defeats the Magyars at the B. of Riade.

Answer 40

AD 933

Question 41

Henry the Fowler dies. His son Otto I becomes king of the Germans.

Answer 41

AD 936

Question 42

Hugh the Great, nephew of Odo and father of Hugh Capet is made vice-regent of West Francia (Dux Francorum).

Answer 42

AD 940

Question 43

Rollo’s successor William Longsword is assassinated (supposedly at the behest of Louis IV). After a period of war, the duchy is reformed under William’s son Richard I, with disputed fealty to and limitless animosity toward the royal house.

Answer 43

AD 942

Question 44

Louis IV imprisoned by Hugh the Great for asserting too much authority.

Answer 44

AD 945

Question 45

Otto I invades Italy for the first time, and makes Berengar the king his subject.

Answer 45

AD 951

Question 46

Liudolf son of Otto I begins a two year long rebellion.

Answer 46

AD 952

Question 47

Otto I scores a decisive victory over the Magyars at the B. of Lechfield.

Answer 47

AD 955

Question 48

After restoring his authority in Italy, Otto I is crowned emperor by the pope.

Answer 48

AD 962

Question 49

Provence taken from the Saracens. Otto II marries the Byzantine princess Theophanu.

Answer 49

AD 972

Question 50

Otto I dies, and is followed by his son Otto II.

Answer 50

AD 973

Question 51

Otto II’s relative, Henry II of Bavaria leads a serious rebellion that will take four years to put down.

Answer 51

AD 974

Question 52

References to castles and knights (milites) begin to become common. Otto II turns his attention to southern Italy, to the great dissatisfaction of the Byzantines and his own German nobles alike.

Answer 52

AD 980

Question 53

Otto II suddenly dies (at age 28) leaving the empire to the infant Otto III. Lothar, king of West Francia, moves into what was Lotharingia to seize land from Otto III. North Gallic magnates and Lotharingian (Ottonian) bishops rise up to stop him, triggering civil war.

Answer 53

AD 983

Question 54

The restored Henry II of Bavaria is removed as regent, replaced by Theophanu.

Answer 54

AD 984

Question 55

With the aid of Archbishop Adalbero of Reims, Hugh Capet is made king of France.

Answer 55

AD 987

Question 56

Otto III (age 14) begins to rule as king of the Germans in his own name.

Answer 56

AD 994

Question 57

Otto III is crowned emperor.

Answer 57

AD 996