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3rd Year > Data - Endocrine > Flashcards

Data - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is raised/lowered in primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Calcium raised
Phosphate lowered
ALP and PTH raised

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2
Q

What is raised/lowered in primary hyperthyroidism?

A

Free thyroxine is raised

TSH is low/undetectable

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3
Q

What is raised/lowered in primary hypothyroidism?

A

Free thyroxine is low

TSH is raised

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4
Q

Synacthen test?

A

Stimulates adrenals to produce cortisol, response is lowered in Addison’s disease

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5
Q

Dexamethasone supression test?

A

Usually suppresses cortisol levels, via suppression of ACTH.

No suppression may indicate Cushing’s disease or syndrome, or an ectopic ACTH producing tumour

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6
Q

What is raised/lowered in secondary hyperthyroidism?

A

Free thyroxine is raised

TSH is also raised

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7
Q

What is raised/lowered in secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Free thyroxine is low

TSH is low

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8
Q

What is raised/lowered in secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Calcium lowered
Phosphate raised
ALP and PTH raised

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9
Q

Nail signs of Grave’s disease?

A

Thyroid acropachy - looks like clubbing

Periosteal hypertrophy of distal phalanges

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10
Q

Skin signs of diabetes?

A

Necrobiosis lipoidica - shins

Acanthosis nigricans - axillary

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11
Q

Hot, red swollen foot in diabetes?

A

Possibly Charcot’s arthropathy:

acute inflammation; fracture; bone thinning

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12
Q

Features of hypocalcaemia?

A 
CATs go Numb:
Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Numbness, feet, hands, mouth
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13
Q

Features of hypercalcaemia?

A 
Stones (kidney)
Bones (pains)
Groans (abdo pain N+V)
Thrones (polyuria--> dehydration)
Psychic overtones (depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction)
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14
Q

Microvascular complications of diabetes?

A

Nephropathy
Retinopathy
Neuropathy

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15
Q

Macrovascular complications of diabetes?

A

Coronary artery disease
Peripheral artery disease
Stroke

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16
Q

What is metabolic syndrome?

A 
Features of:
Hypertension
Insulin resistance
High triglyceride levels
Low HDL

3rd Year (13 decks)

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