Data - BLS and other useful misc

Question 1

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Answer 1

4Hs 4Ts
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypo/hyper-kalaemia (or metabolic)
Hypothermia
Thrombosis
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade - cardiac
Toxins

Question 2

Treatment of hyperkalaemia?

Answer 2

Calcium gluconate
Insulin-glucose infusion
Salbutamol

Question 3

Where to put a femoral line/catheter?

Answer 3

Femoral pulse is midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

1cm medial and inferior to this

Question 4

Afferent and efferent arms of corneal reflex?

Answer 4

Afferent CNV1 - ophthalamic

Efferent CNVII - facial

Question 5

Afferent and efferent arms of jaw jerk reflex?

Answer 5

Afferent CNV

Efferent CNV3

Question 6

How long should rounds of CPR be?

Answer 6

2 minutes
Defibrillator attached:
If shockable rhythm, shock once then resume 2 mins CPR
If not shockable rhythm, commence CPR for 2 mins, then reassess rhythm

Question 7

Hyperpigmentation of skin in pregnancy?

Answer 7

Melasma

Not just in pregnancy

Question 8

Difficult opening mouth due to irritation of muscles of mastication?

Answer 8

Trismus - may be due to quinsy

Question 9

Most prostate cancers arise in which part?

Answer 9

Peripheral

70-80%

Question 10

Mental health act sections

Answer 10

DATED
1. Definition
2. Assessment - up to 28 days
3. Treatment - up to 6 months
4. Emergency assessment - 72 hours
5. Detention
5(2) Up to 72 hours 
5(4) Up to 6 hours - Nurse only

Question 11

What is internuclear ophthalmoplegia?

Answer 11

Dysfunction/injury to medial longitudinal fasciculus
Affected eye cannot adduct to lateral gaze, contralateral eye has nystagmus
Horizontal diplopia
Convergence is often preserved

Question 12

How to tell difference between ptosis due to CNIII or Horners?

Answer 12

CNIII lesion = dilated pupil

Horner’s constricted pupil (compression of sympathetic chain)

Question 13

BLS sequence?

Answer 13

Unresponsive and not breathing

1. Call 999 - ambulance
2. 30 Chest compressions
3. 2 rescue breaths
4. Continue CPR
5. Attach defib

Question 14

Choking algorithm?

Answer 14

1. Encourage coughing
2. 5 back blows
3. 5 abdominal thrusts
4. alternate 2 and 3
5. If become unresponsive, start CPR

Question 15

Difference in BLS in children and drowning?

Answer 15

5 rescue breaths before commencing CPR as normal

Question 16

Drugs given and when in ALS?

Answer 16

Shockable rhythms:
IV Adrenaline 1mg - after 3rd shock, and every other shock,
IV Amiodarone 300mg - after 3rd shock - once only

Non-shockable rhythms:
IV Adrenaline 1mg - given asap

Question 17

What forms cervical plexus?

Answer 17

Spinal nerves from C1-C4

Phrenic nerve branches from C3,4,5