Data Collection (2026) Flashcards
1
Q
Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis
A
Data
2
Q
Process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interests, in an established systematic fashion that enables to answer stated research question. Test hypothesis, and evaluate outcomes
A
Data Collection
3
Q
Primary and one of the most important steps in conducting research
A
Data Collection
4
Q
In a reasearch study, after identifying the problem, the researches decide how they’re going to collct their research data.
A
Data Collection
5
Q
Recorded facutal material necessary to validate research findings.
A
Research Data
6
Q
This process of collectin g data is a very demanding job which need thorough planning, hard work, and patience to be able to complete the task completely
A
Research Data
7
Q
Six Core Dimensions of Data Quality
(CUTVAC)
A
- Completeness
- Uniqueness
- Timeliness
- Validity
- Accuracy
- Consistency
8
Q
The proportion of stored data against the potential of 100% complete.
A
Completeness
9
Q
Nothing will be recorded more than once based upon how that thing is identified.
A
Uniqueness
10
Q
The degree to which data represent reality from the required point in time.
A
Timeliness
11
Q
Data are valid if it conforms to the syntax of its definition
A
Validity
12
Q
The degree to which data correctly describes the ‘real world’ object object or event being described.
A
Acccuracy
13
Q
The absesnce of difference, when comparing two or more representations of a thing against a definition
A
Consistency
14
Q
Types of Utility Data
(KRANUST)
A
- Knowable
- Recorded
- Accessible
- Navigable
- Understandable
- Sufficient Quality
- Topically Relevant to needs
15
Q
There is a wealth of potentially knowable data and information in the universe. Only a very small portion of it has ever been observed or known by humans.
A
Knowable
16
Q
In some sharebale, objective medium and not just in some human brain.
A
Recorded
17
Q
With the right resources and technology
A
Accessible
18
Q
It may be there but is it easy to find?
A
Navigable
19
Q
Languange, Culture, Technology, etc
A
Understandable
20
Q
Perceived needs and unknown needs
A
Topically Relevant to Needs
21
Q
What are the 8 Factors affecting the data collection? (BUTPCECT)
A
- Bias
- Use of Languange
- Timing
- Privacy
- Cultural Sensitivity
- Ethics
- Cost
- Time
22
Q
topics/questions that influences the response of the respondents in favor of, or against the topic of the data collection.
A
Bias
23
Q
It depends on how we ask or how we gather information.
A
Bias
24
Q
When the data are collected could lead to particular result
A
Timing
25
If the topic of the data collection is personal, a person may not want to participate or may give an true answer on purpose.
Privacy
26
It means that you are aware of other cultures. You must avoid being offensive and asking questions that do not appky to that culture.
Culture Sensitivity
27
It dictate that collected data must not used for purposes other than those told to the participants.
Ethics
28
The cost of collecting data must be taken into account. If you need to pay for printing the questionnaires, or to pay people to collect data, the cost may be more than you can afford.
Cost
29
The time needed for collecting the data must be considered.
A survey that takes an hour to complete may be too long for most people. This would limit the number of people willing to participate.
Time
30
Data that is collected by a researcher from first-hand resources.
Primary Data
31
- Mostly non-numerical and usually descriptive or nominal in nature.
- With these methods, the researches can have research participant fill out self-report instrument or questionnaires, or interviews by which the researches can talk to the participants in persons or overt he telephone.
Qualitative
32
If the researches discuss issues with multiple research participants at the same time at a small group setting is called ______________
Focus Group
33
The researchers can examine how research participants act in natural and structured environment called ___________
Observation
34
Numerical in nature and can be mathematically computed.
Quantitative
35
The researchers can have the participants fill out an instrument or perform a behavioral design to measure their ability or degree of skills or what we call ________
Test
36
It can also be ________ by which it is a list of questionnaires aimed at collecting specific data from particular group of people.
Survey
37
Existing data; researchers can use data that came forn ab earlier time for a different purpose than current research problem at hand.
Secondary Data
38
- Data that is collected by a researcher from first-hand sources.
- This data is not been published yet
- More reliable, authentic, and objective
Primary Data
39
A self report data collection instrument used to obtain information from the particpants about the thoughts, feelings and attitudes.
Questionnaire
40
it is written set of questions.
Questionnaire
41
It is both the set of questions, and the process of collecting, aggregating, and analyzing the response from those questions.
Survey
42
A data collection method in which an interviewer asks questions to the interviewee
Interview
43
The researcher or someone working for the researcher.
Interviewer
44
The research participant
Interviewee
45
Interviews conducted face to face
Personal
46
Interview conducted over the telephone
Telephone
47
Types of Interview Structure
- Unstructured interviews
- Semi Structured interviews (middle room)
- Structured Interview
48
- Also known as Non directive interview; casual interview, informal interview, free-flowing interview.
- Questions arise spontaneously in free flowing conversation.
Unstructured Interviews
48
Has formats or has a few questions and you allow new ideas to be brought up during the interview.
Semi Structured Interviews (Middle Room)
49
- With pre-determine questions, well defined pattern;
- Also known as planned interviews, formal interviews, patterned interviews
Unstructured Interview
50
Classification of Types of Interviews
- Qualitative Interviews
- Quantitative Interviews
51
It allows the researcher to enter into the inner world of another person and to gain an understanding of that person’s perspective.
Can be used to obtain depth information about a participant thought, belief, knowledge, reasoning, motivations, and feelings about a certain topic.
Qualitative Interviews
52
Goal: To standardize what is presented to the interviewees.
Result in mostly quantitative data that are later analyzed using quantitative statistical procedure
The interview protocol is basically a script written on paper for in-person interviews and shown on a computer screen for telephone interviews
Closed quantitative interview
o Quantitative Interviews
53
Type of Interview (Qualitative Interview)
1. Informal conversational interview
2. Interview guide approach
3. Standardized open-ended interview
54
- Most spontaneous and loosely structured interview
- There is no pre-determination of questions, topics, or wording in this type of interview
- The interviewer discusses the topics of interest that follows all leads that emerge during the discussion
Informal conversational interview
55
data collection instrument that includes the items, response categories, instructions, and so forth.
Interview protocol
56
- The interviewer enters the interview with a plan to explore specific topic and ask specific open-ended questions of the interviewee
- The topics and questions are provided in an interview protocol written by a researcher written before the interview session
2. Interview guide approach
57
- An open-ended question are questions that can be answered in depth and allow for a regional unique response without being limited by multiple choice or yes-or- no option.
- The interviewer enters the interview session with a standardized interview protocol.
3. Standardized open-ended interview
58
Type of Interview (Quantitative Interview)
Closed quantitative interview
59
- All interviewees are asked the same questions and asked to choose answers from among the same set of choices
- Questions and response categories are determined in
advance. Responses are fixed; respondent chooses from among these fixed responses
Closed quantitative interview
60
* In-depth field method that brings together a small homogenous group or similar kind-of people to discuss topics in a study agenda
* A type of group interview in which a moderator leads a discussion with a small group of individuals to examine, in detail, how the group members think and feel about a topic.
* Used to collect qualitative data that are in the words of the group participants.
- Focus Group
61
the moderator (working for the researcher) keeps the individuals in the group focused on the topic being discussed.
focus” group
62
* Composed of 6 to 12 participants who are purposively selected because they can provide the kind of information of interest to the researcher.
Focus Group
63
o The person leading the focus group discussion
o Must have good interpersonal skills
o Must know how to facilitate group discussion
* Group moderator
64
o Obtaining general background information about a topic of interest
o Generating research hypotheses
o Stimulating new ideas and creative concepts
o Diagnosing the potential for problems with a new program, service or product
o Generating impressions of products, programs, service, institutions, or other objects of interest
Uses of Focus Group
65
best used as a qualitative method of data collection.
Focus Group
66
* Defined as the watching of behavioral patterns of people in certain situations to obtain information about the phenomenon of interest.
* Observation is an important way of collecting information about people do not always do what they say they do.
- Observation
67
* Observational data are collected in two different types of environments:
o Laboratory observation
o Naturalistic observation
* Quantitative Observation
* Qualitative Observation
68
Carried out in settings that are set up by the researchers and inside the confines of research lab.
The observation is done in the laboratory or other settings that are set up by the researcher
o Laboratory observation
69
Carried out in the real-world setting
You must go to wherever the behavior occurs naturally
Example: Observing the behavior of the children in their classrooms
o Naturalistic observation
70
o Structured
o Involves standardization of all observational procedures in order to obtain reliable research data.
o Usually results in qualitative data such as counts, frequencies and percentages
* Quantitative Observation
71
o Involves observing all potentially relevant phenomena and taking extensive field noted without specifying in advance exactly what is observed.
o Usually done for exploratory purposes and in natural settings.
* Qualitative Observation
72
