CPHLAB Diseases Prevention and Control [UNKNOWN]] Flashcards
1
Q
Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability (World Health Organization, 2004)
A
Prevention and Control
2
Q
Who defined Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability
A
World Health Organization, 2004
3
Q
Reducing the likehood that a disease or disorder will affect an individual.
A
Prevention and Control
4
Q
Prevention and Control Objective?
A
- Reduce the magnitude of disease
- Completely eradicate the disease.
5
Q
Reduce the magnitude of disease
_________ the occurrence (immunization, healthy, lifestyle, vitamin intake, excerse)
A
Prevent
6
Q
Reduce the magnitude of disease
____ or _____ the progression. ( Medication, Treatment)
A
Arrest
Stop
7
Q
Reduce the magnitude of disease
_________ the complications or consequences (rehabilitation, therapy)
A
Reduce
8
Q
Immunization, intake of vitamins, healthy lifestyle
A
Prevent the occurrence
9
Q
To stop the progress and implements medication
A
Arrest progress
10
Q
Rehabilitation/Physical Therapy.
A
Reduce Consequence
11
Q
Total Elimination?
A
Eradication
12
Q
Persistence?
A
Elimination
13
Q
Any harmul deviation from organism’s or human’s norman or functional state.
A
Diseases or Health Problems
14
Q
Types of Disease
A
- Communicable Disease
- Non-Communicable Disease
- Inury or Trauma
- Mental Health
15
Q
- Spread from one person to another
- infectious
A
Communicable or Infectious Disease
16
Q
- Lifestyle Disease
A
Non-Communicable Disease
17
Q
- Emotional and Physical response to a terrible event.
- Physical Injury, fractures; emotional response to a terrible or traumatic event.
A
Trauma or Injury
18
Q
- A state of well being where individuals realize their abilities to cope and contribute to the community.
- State of mental or cognitive health
A
Mental Health
19
Q
Personal, Social, Economic, and environmental factors that influence health status.
A
Health Determinants
20
Q
- policies at the local state, and federal level affect individual and population health
- Laws and Policies
A
Policy Making
21
Q
- Reflect the________ and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work and age.
- Living conditions of an individual
A
Social Factors
22
Q
- More access to __________ to treat disease
- Both access to _________and the quality of _________ can impact health.
A
Health Services
23
Q
healthy or unhealthy behavior
A
Individiual Behavior
24
Q
Age and Sex
A
Biology and Genetics
25
Types of Health Determinants
- Policy Making
- Social Factors
- Health Services
- Individual Behavior
- Biology and Genetic
26
The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.
Scope of Prevention and Control
27
Immunization or vaccination, health education, chemoprophylaxis or chemopreventeion
Individual
28
Provision of safe water/proper excreta disposal, health projects and programs
Community-wide
29
Scope of Prevention and Control Objective:
Elimination and Eradication
30
Causes of disease no longer exist but one or more factors important in its occurence still persist.
Elimination
31
Cases of disease and the agent of disease have been elaminate; transmission of the causative agent have stopeed in irreversible manner.
Eradication
32
A course a disease takes in individuals from the start (pathological onset) until its eventual resolution.
Natural History of Disease
33
Under epidemiological triad
Disease Causation Model
34
States that an external agent can cause diseases in a susceptible host when there is a conducive environment.
Epidemiological Triad
35
Necessary Factor?
Agent
36
No transmission of disease
Non-Agent
37
Recognize the __________ (high risk group)
Focus of infection
38
Types of Prevention
- Knowledge of causation
- Dynamics of Transmission
- Identification of risk factors and risks group
- Availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment
measures
- An organization for applying these measures to appropriate
persons or groups.
- Continuous evaluation of and development of procedures
applied.
39
Risk =
Hazard + Behavior
40
Availability of ________ or early detection and treatment measures
Prophylactic
41
An organization for applying these ____ to appropriate persons or groups.
Measures
42
Continuous _________ of and ________ of procedures applied.
Evaluation
Development
43
Stages of Natural History of Disease
- Stage of Susceptibility
- Stage of Subclinical Disease
- Stage of Clinical Disease
- Stage of Recovery or Death
44
Process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in susceptible host.
Stage of Susceptibility
45
Individual becomes more prone to develop a disease brought about by various factors due to a higher rate of exposure from the pathogen
Stage of susceptibility
46
- Porportion of exposed individuals who are infected.
- In this stage, the patient is still asymptomtic
- Determining how many among the exposed should isolate or quarantine in order to limit the exposure of a disease.
Infectivity
47
- Proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease
- There are clinical manisfestations or symptoms present.
Pathogenicity
48
Proportion of clinically apparent cases that ae severe or fatal.
Potential of a particular agent in terms of counteracting the activity of the body
Virulence
49
Pathologic Changes in the patient's body but asymtomatic (no signs and symptomps manifestations.)
Stage of Subclinical Disease
50
- Extending from the time of exposure to onset of disease symptomps.
- Pathologic changes already developed in this stage.
- The patient is still asymptomatic in this stage.
Stage of Subclinical Disease
51
- Communicable Disease
- Time of Exposure onset of disease symtoms for infectious disease.
Incubation Period
52
- Non-communicabe disease
- Time of exposure onset of disease symptoms for chronic diseases.
Latency Period
53
All possible signs and symptoms are present
Stage of Clinical Disease
54
- The onset of symptoms
- Validate the existence of an abnormality in the body.
- Determine serverity and natural history
- Most diagnoses are made in this stage.
Stage of Clinical Disease
55
Lab test to undergo treatment and medication
Time of Diagnosis
56
- Some diseases or not all disease progress into clinical diseases.
- Range as to the effect o disease process in an individual from mild, severe, or fatal (Recovery, disability or death)
Spectrum of Disease
57
Patient's response to the treatment
Stage of Recovery or Death
58
- stage whether the patient recuperates from thr conditions or it will worsen.
- Recovery or Loss
Stage of recovery, Disability or Death
59
Preventable Causes of Disease
- Biological and Behavioral Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Immunologic Factors
- Nutritional Factors
- Genetic Factors
- Services, Social and Spiritual Factors
60
A model for the transmission of communicable diseases that links the factors of agent, host and environment.
Epidemiological Triad
61
Model for the transmission of _______ disease that links factors of ______, ____ and ______________ that are responsible for this transmission.
infectious
agent
host
environment
62
A model for the transmission of communicable diseases that links the factors of agent, host and environment.
Epidemiological Triad
63
break one of the legs of the model to distrupt the connection and transmission of disease.
Mission
64
A biological organism capable of causing diseases (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Agent
65
An organism capable of developing the disease (human, animal)
Host
66
Enhances or diminishes the survival of the causative agent.
Environment
67
Incubation period or duration of the disease
Time
68
Human capable of developng disease/ an organism, usually human or animal, that harbors the disease.
Host
69
Biological organisms capable of causing/ the cause of the disease.
Agent
70
The favorable surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow the disease or allow disease transmission.
Environment
71
Host goes into change of infection from clinically inapparent symptomps to clinically apparent disease.
Gradient of Infection
72
- Source or "Habitat"
- Starting point for the occurence of a communicable disease.
- Where the agent lives, grows and multiplies
Reservoir
73
Three types of Reservoir
- Human Reservoir
- Animal Reservoir
- Environmental Reservoir
74
- Most common for infectious disease
- Person-to-person
- Can be a case or carrier
Human Reservoir
75
A person identified as having the paticular disease; apparent infection
Case (Symptomatic)
76
Inapparent Infection
Carrier (Asymptomatic)
77
- Animals that are by pathogens
- Human as incidental hosts
- Zoonosis
Animal Reservoir
78
- Animal to animal transmission
- Infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions
Zoonosis
79
- From soil and other inaminate matter
- Can be a form of parasitic infection
Environmental Reservoir
80
Cause of disease consists of constellaton of component that act in concert to produce disease.
Sufficient Component Disease Model (For Non-Communicable)
81
Represent all sufficient causes of a particular disease
Causal Pie (Non-Communicable Disease)
82
Disease cannot develop in its absence
Necessary Cause
83
Cause is termed sufficient when it inevitably produces or initiates as disease.
Sufficient Cause
84
Contribution to sufficient cause; necessary for the completion of sufficient cause.
Component Cause
85
Identify hazards, characterize risks, assess exposure, identify populations at high risk, and research on the causal mechanism
Risk Assessment
86
Anything that has the potential to cause or promote harm
Hazard
87
The possibility that simething bad or unpleasant will happen.
Risk
88
Strategies for Prevention
Risk Assessment and Intervention
89
Types of Intervention
- Apply Intervention
- Evaluate Intervention
- Modify Intervention
90
Health promotion, control exposure, genetic testing and psychosocial support and early detection (screening)
Apply Intervention
91
Evaluation
Measures change in risk and monitor incidence / prevalence, stage of diagnosis and use of healthier lifestyle and prevention practices.
Modify Evaluation
92
- Evaluating Results, looking for new findings
- Based on evaluation results
- Based on new scientific Findings
Evalaute Intervention
93
Level of Prevention
No disease
Primary Prevention
94
Level of Prevention:
Asymptomatic Disease
Secondary Prevention
95
Level of Prevention
Clinical Course
Tertiary Prevention
96
Level of Prevent
Underlying conditions leading to causation
Primordial Prevention
97
Relatively new concept, receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic disease.
Primordial Prevention
98
Involves development and implementation of policies/guidelines to prevent risk factor development.
Primordial Prevention
99
Avoid the emergence or establishment of social, economic and cultural patterns of living that contribute to an elevated risk of disease.
Goal of the Primordial Prevention
100
Reduce the incidence of disease
Goal of Primary Prevention
101
Prevention:
Control risk factors, remove precipitating causes and disease determinants and eliminate or reduce host susceptibility
Objective of Primary Prevention
102
Prevention:
Specific protection and health promotion
Strategies of Primary Prevention
103
Reduce the prevalence of diseases.
Goal of Secondary Prevention
104
Prevention
Detect and cure diseases at their early stage and reduce the more severe consequencwes of the disease.
Objectives of Secondary Prevention
105
Early detection or diagnosis and prompt treatment
Strategies of Secondary Prevention
106
Reduce case fatality rate and sequelae
Goal of Tertiary Prevention
107
Reduce the progress or complications of the established disease
Objective of Tertiary Prevention
108
Treatment and Rehabilitation
Strategies of Tertiary Prevention
109
Preventive Measures
Factors affecting the sucess of preventive and control measures:
- Resources
- Acceptance
- Features of the infectious agent, disease and host
110
Agent when in the reservoir
- Eliminate reservoir
- Reduce Communicability
- Limit Movement
- Behavioral Change
111
Separation for the period of communicability on infected persons.
Isolated
112
Limitation of movemen of health persons exposed to communicable disease.
Quarantine
113
types of Agent when in transit to a new host
- Vector
- Vehicle
114
insects, athropods, animals, chemicals, environmental and biological controls
Vector (Animate)
115
- air, water, food, utensils
- Provision of safe and adequate water
- Proper sewage and water disposal
- Food and dairy sanitation
- Disinfection and disinfestation
Vehicle (Inanimate)
116
Immunization, chemoprophylaxis, behavior change
(sexual behavior, eating, working behavior), reverse
isolation (masks, gloves, gowns), barriers (bed nets,
repellants, condoms)
Specific Measures
117
Adequate nutrition, provision of good housing,
improved socio-economic condition, provision of
medical facilities, health promotion and education,
change of unhealthy and maintenance of health
behavior, responsibility development, personal
hygiene, emotional health, prevention of fatigue and
over-exertion, avoidance of overcrowded places
Non-Specific Measures
118
Reduce the incidence of disease
Goalof Primary Prevention
119
Control risk factors, reduce precipitating causes
and disease determinants; eliminate or reduce host
susceptibility
Objectiveof Primary Prevention
