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CPH laboratory > CPHLAB Diseases Prevention and Control [UNKNOWN]] > Flashcards

CPHLAB Diseases Prevention and Control [UNKNOWN]] Flashcards

1
Q

Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability (World Health Organization, 2004)

A

Prevention and Control

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2
Q

Who defined Interrupting or slowing the progress of the disorder or reducing the disability

A

World Health Organization, 2004

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3
Q

Reducing the likehood that a disease or disorder will affect an individual.

A

Prevention and Control

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4
Q

Prevention and Control Objective?

A
  • Reduce the magnitude of disease
  • Completely eradicate the disease.
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5
Q

Reduce the magnitude of disease

_________ the occurrence (immunization, healthy, lifestyle, vitamin intake, excerse)

A

Prevent

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6
Q

Reduce the magnitude of disease

____ or _____ the progression. ( Medication, Treatment)

A

Arrest
Stop

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7
Q

Reduce the magnitude of disease

_________ the complications or consequences (rehabilitation, therapy)

A

Reduce

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8
Q

Immunization, intake of vitamins, healthy lifestyle

A

Prevent the occurrence

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9
Q

To stop the progress and implements medication

A

Arrest progress

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10
Q

Rehabilitation/Physical Therapy.

A

Reduce Consequence

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11
Q

Total Elimination?

A

Eradication

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12
Q

Persistence?

A

Elimination

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13
Q

Any harmul deviation from organism’s or human’s norman or functional state.

A

Diseases or Health Problems

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14
Q

Types of Disease

A
  • Communicable Disease
  • Non-Communicable Disease
  • Inury or Trauma
  • Mental Health
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15
Q
  • Spread from one person to another
  • infectious
A

Communicable or Infectious Disease

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16
Q
  • Lifestyle Disease
A

Non-Communicable Disease

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17
Q
  • Emotional and Physical response to a terrible event.
  • Physical Injury, fractures; emotional response to a terrible or traumatic event.
A

Trauma or Injury

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18
Q
  • A state of well being where individuals realize their abilities to cope and contribute to the community.
  • State of mental or cognitive health
A

Mental Health

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19
Q

Personal, Social, Economic, and environmental factors that influence health status.

A

Health Determinants

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20
Q
  • policies at the local state, and federal level affect individual and population health
  • Laws and Policies
A

Policy Making

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21
Q
  • Reflect the________ and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work and age.
  • Living conditions of an individual
A

Social Factors

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22
Q
  • More access to __________ to treat disease
  • Both access to _________and the quality of _________ can impact health.
A

Health Services

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23
Q

healthy or unhealthy behavior

A

Individiual Behavior

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24
Q

Age and Sex

A

Biology and Genetics

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25
Q

Types of Health Determinants

A
  • Policy Making
  • Social Factors
  • Health Services
  • Individual Behavior
  • Biology and Genetic
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26
Q

The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant.

A

Scope of Prevention and Control

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27
Q

Immunization or vaccination, health education, chemoprophylaxis or chemopreventeion

A

Individual

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28
Q

Provision of safe water/proper excreta disposal, health projects and programs

A

Community-wide

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29
Q

Scope of Prevention and Control Objective:

A

Elimination and Eradication

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30
Q

Causes of disease no longer exist but one or more factors important in its occurence still persist.

A

Elimination

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31
Q

Cases of disease and the agent of disease have been elaminate; transmission of the causative agent have stopeed in irreversible manner.

A

Eradication

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32
Q

A course a disease takes in individuals from the start (pathological onset) until its eventual resolution.

A

Natural History of Disease

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33
Q

Under epidemiological triad

A

Disease Causation Model

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34
Q

States that an external agent can cause diseases in a susceptible host when there is a conducive environment.

A

Epidemiological Triad

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35
Q

Necessary Factor?

A

Agent

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36
Q

No transmission of disease

A

Non-Agent

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37
Q

Recognize the __________ (high risk group)

A

Focus of infection

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38
Q

Types of Prevention

A
  • Knowledge of causation
  • Dynamics of Transmission
  • Identification of risk factors and risks group
  • Availability of prophylactic or early detection and treatment
    measures
  • An organization for applying these measures to appropriate
    persons or groups.
  • Continuous evaluation of and development of procedures
    applied.
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39
Q

Risk =

A

Hazard + Behavior

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40
Q

Availability of ________ or early detection and treatment measures

A

Prophylactic

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41
Q

An organization for applying these ____ to appropriate persons or groups.

A

Measures

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42
Q

Continuous _________ of and ________ of procedures applied.

A

Evaluation
Development

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43
Q

Stages of Natural History of Disease

A
  • Stage of Susceptibility
  • Stage of Subclinical Disease
  • Stage of Clinical Disease
  • Stage of Recovery or Death
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44
Q

Process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in susceptible host.

A

Stage of Susceptibility

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45
Q

Individual becomes more prone to develop a disease brought about by various factors due to a higher rate of exposure from the pathogen

A

Stage of susceptibility

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46
Q
  • Porportion of exposed individuals who are infected.
  • In this stage, the patient is still asymptomtic
  • Determining how many among the exposed should isolate or quarantine in order to limit the exposure of a disease.
A

Infectivity

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47
Q
  • Proportion of infected individuals who develop clinically apparent disease
  • There are clinical manisfestations or symptoms present.
A

Pathogenicity

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48
Q

Proportion of clinically apparent cases that ae severe or fatal.

Potential of a particular agent in terms of counteracting the activity of the body

A

Virulence

49
Q

Pathologic Changes in the patient’s body but asymtomatic (no signs and symptomps manifestations.)

A

Stage of Subclinical Disease

50
Q
  • Extending from the time of exposure to onset of disease symptomps.
  • Pathologic changes already developed in this stage.
  • The patient is still asymptomatic in this stage.
A

Stage of Subclinical Disease

51
Q
  • Communicable Disease
  • Time of Exposure onset of disease symtoms for infectious disease.
A

Incubation Period

52
Q
  • Non-communicabe disease
  • Time of exposure onset of disease symptoms for chronic diseases.
A

Latency Period

53
Q

All possible signs and symptoms are present

A

Stage of Clinical Disease

54
Q
  • The onset of symptoms
  • Validate the existence of an abnormality in the body.
  • Determine serverity and natural history
  • Most diagnoses are made in this stage.
A

Stage of Clinical Disease

55
Q

Lab test to undergo treatment and medication

A

Time of Diagnosis

56
Q
  • Some diseases or not all disease progress into clinical diseases.
  • Range as to the effect o disease process in an individual from mild, severe, or fatal (Recovery, disability or death)
A

Spectrum of Disease

57
Q

Patient’s response to the treatment

A

Stage of Recovery or Death

58
Q
  • stage whether the patient recuperates from thr conditions or it will worsen.
  • Recovery or Loss
A

Stage of recovery, Disability or Death

59
Q

Preventable Causes of Disease

A
  • Biological and Behavioral Factors
  • Environmental Factors
  • Immunologic Factors
  • Nutritional Factors
  • Genetic Factors
  • Services, Social and Spiritual Factors
60
Q

A model for the transmission of communicable diseases that links the factors of agent, host and environment.

A

Epidemiological Triad

61
Q

Model for the transmission of _______ disease that links factors of ______, ____ and ______________ that are responsible for this transmission.

A

infectious

agent
host
environment

62
Q

A model for the transmission of communicable diseases that links the factors of agent, host and environment.

A

Epidemiological Triad

63
Q

break one of the legs of the model to distrupt the connection and transmission of disease.

A

Mission

64
Q

A biological organism capable of causing diseases (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)

A

Agent

65
Q

An organism capable of developing the disease (human, animal)

A

Host

66
Q

Enhances or diminishes the survival of the causative agent.

A

Environment

67
Q

Incubation period or duration of the disease

A

Time

68
Q

Human capable of developng disease/ an organism, usually human or animal, that harbors the disease.

A

Host

69
Q

Biological organisms capable of causing/ the cause of the disease.

A

Agent

70
Q

The favorable surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow the disease or allow disease transmission.

A

Environment

71
Q

Host goes into change of infection from clinically inapparent symptomps to clinically apparent disease.

A

Gradient of Infection

72
Q
  • Source or “Habitat”
  • Starting point for the occurence of a communicable disease.
  • Where the agent lives, grows and multiplies
A

Reservoir

73
Q

Three types of Reservoir

A
  • Human Reservoir
  • Animal Reservoir
  • Environmental Reservoir
74
Q
  • Most common for infectious disease
  • Person-to-person
  • Can be a case or carrier
A

Human Reservoir

75
Q

A person identified as having the paticular disease; apparent infection

A

Case (Symptomatic)

76
Q

Inapparent Infection

A

Carrier (Asymptomatic)

77
Q
  • Animals that are by pathogens
  • Human as incidental hosts
  • Zoonosis
A

Animal Reservoir

78
Q
  • Animal to animal transmission
  • Infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions
A

Zoonosis

79
Q
  • From soil and other inaminate matter
  • Can be a form of parasitic infection
A

Environmental Reservoir

80
Q

Cause of disease consists of constellaton of component that act in concert to produce disease.

A

Sufficient Component Disease Model (For Non-Communicable)

81
Q

Represent all sufficient causes of a particular disease

A

Causal Pie (Non-Communicable Disease)

82
Q

Disease cannot develop in its absence

A

Necessary Cause

83
Q

Cause is termed sufficient when it inevitably produces or initiates as disease.

A

Sufficient Cause

84
Q

Contribution to sufficient cause; necessary for the completion of sufficient cause.

A

Component Cause

85
Q

Identify hazards, characterize risks, assess exposure, identify populations at high risk, and research on the causal mechanism

A

Risk Assessment

86
Q

Anything that has the potential to cause or promote harm

A

Hazard

87
Q

The possibility that simething bad or unpleasant will happen.

A

Risk

88
Q

Strategies for Prevention

A

Risk Assessment and Intervention

89
Q

Types of Intervention

A
  • Apply Intervention
  • Evaluate Intervention
  • Modify Intervention
90
Q

Health promotion, control exposure, genetic testing and psychosocial support and early detection (screening)

A

Apply Intervention

91
Q

Evaluation

Measures change in risk and monitor incidence / prevalence, stage of diagnosis and use of healthier lifestyle and prevention practices.

A

Modify Evaluation

92
Q
  • Evaluating Results, looking for new findings
  • Based on evaluation results
  • Based on new scientific Findings
A

Evalaute Intervention

93
Q

Level of Prevention

No disease

A

Primary Prevention

94
Q

Level of Prevention:
Asymptomatic Disease

A

Secondary Prevention

95
Q

Level of Prevention
Clinical Course

A

Tertiary Prevention

96
Q

Level of Prevent

Underlying conditions leading to causation

A

Primordial Prevention

97
Q

Relatively new concept, receiving special attention in the prevention of chronic disease.

A

Primordial Prevention

98
Q

Involves development and implementation of policies/guidelines to prevent risk factor development.

A

Primordial Prevention

99
Q

Avoid the emergence or establishment of social, economic and cultural patterns of living that contribute to an elevated risk of disease.

A

Goal of the Primordial Prevention

100
Q

Reduce the incidence of disease

A

Goal of Primary Prevention

101
Q

Prevention:

Control risk factors, remove precipitating causes and disease determinants and eliminate or reduce host susceptibility

A

Objective of Primary Prevention

102
Q

Prevention:

Specific protection and health promotion

A

Strategies of Primary Prevention

103
Q

Reduce the prevalence of diseases.

A

Goal of Secondary Prevention

104
Q

Prevention

Detect and cure diseases at their early stage and reduce the more severe consequencwes of the disease.

A

Objectives of Secondary Prevention

105
Q

Early detection or diagnosis and prompt treatment

A

Strategies of Secondary Prevention

106
Q

Reduce case fatality rate and sequelae

A

Goal of Tertiary Prevention

107
Q

Reduce the progress or complications of the established disease

A

Objective of Tertiary Prevention

108
Q

Treatment and Rehabilitation

A

Strategies of Tertiary Prevention

109
Q

Preventive Measures

Factors affecting the sucess of preventive and control measures:

A
  • Resources
  • Acceptance
  • Features of the infectious agent, disease and host
110
Q

Agent when in the reservoir

A
  • Eliminate reservoir
  • Reduce Communicability
  • Limit Movement
  • Behavioral Change
111
Q

Separation for the period of communicability on infected persons.

A

Isolated

112
Q

Limitation of movemen of health persons exposed to communicable disease.

A

Quarantine

113
Q

types of Agent when in transit to a new host

A
  • Vector
  • Vehicle
114
Q

insects, athropods, animals, chemicals, environmental and biological controls

A

Vector (Animate)

115
Q
  • air, water, food, utensils
  • Provision of safe and adequate water
  • Proper sewage and water disposal
  • Food and dairy sanitation
  • Disinfection and disinfestation
A

Vehicle (Inanimate)

116
Q

Immunization, chemoprophylaxis, behavior change
(sexual behavior, eating, working behavior), reverse
isolation (masks, gloves, gowns), barriers (bed nets,
repellants, condoms)

A

Specific Measures

117
Q

Adequate nutrition, provision of good housing,
improved socio-economic condition, provision of
medical facilities, health promotion and education,
change of unhealthy and maintenance of health
behavior, responsibility development, personal
hygiene, emotional health, prevention of fatigue and
over-exertion, avoidance of overcrowded places

A

Non-Specific Measures

118
Q

Reduce the incidence of disease

A

Goalof Primary Prevention

119
Q

Control risk factors, reduce precipitating causes
and disease determinants; eliminate or reduce host
susceptibility

A

Objectiveof Primary Prevention

CPH laboratory (9 decks)

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