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Psychology: Research Methods > Data > Flashcards

Data Flashcards

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1
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Numerical data

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2
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data obtained from unstructured interviews/ observations (non-numerical)

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3
Q

Name the strengths of quantitative data.

A
  • Allows for a broader study
  • Can allow for greater objectivity and accuracy of results
  • The research can be replicated - high reliability
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4
Q

Name the weaknesses of quantitative data.

A
  • Results are limited as results are only numerical
  • Lacks ecological validity
  • Pre set answers will not necessarily reflect people’s true feelings
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5
Q

Name the strengths of qualitative data.

A

Provides depth and detail
Creates openness
Simulates people’s individual experiences
Attempts for avoid pre judgement

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6
Q

Name the weaknesses of qualitative data.

A

Usually fewer people studied - validity is compromised
Less easy to generalise
Difficult to make comparisons
Open to investigator effects

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7
Q

What is primary data?

A

Data collected by a researcher from the participants in the investigation: first-hand

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8
Q

What is secondary data?

A

Data that has already been gathered by someone else, other than the researcher

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9
Q

What is a meta-analysis?

A

A form on research that uses secondary data - gathers data from a large number of studies investigating the same thing

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10
Q

What are the strengths of primary data?

A

Can be gathered to fit the aims of the investigation
More accurate to what the investigator intends to measure

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11
Q

What are the weaknesses of primary data?

A

It requires time and effort from the researcher
It requires considerate planning, preparations and resources

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12
Q

What are the strengths of secondary data?

A

Inexpensive and easily accessible
Requires minimal effort

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13
Q

What are the weaknesses of secondary data?

A

Substantial variation in the quality and accuracy
The content of the data may not exactly match the researchers purpose

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14
Q

What are the strengths of meta-analysis?

A

Allows a researcher to view data with much more confidence
Results can be more easily generalised across larger populations

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15
Q

What are the limitations of meta-analysis?

A

Prone to publication bias
Often have biased conclusions as researchers may leave out negative results

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16
Q

What is the mean?

A

The average number of all values
Add up all values and divide by the amount of values

17
Q

What is the median?

A

The middle value of a set of data

18
Q

What is the mode?

A

The most common number in a set of data

19
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

A measure of dispersion from a results central mean value

20
Q

What is the range?

A

The difference between the highest and lowest value in a set of data

21
Q

What are measures of central tendency?

A

Mean
Median
Mode

22
Q

What are measures of dispersion?

A

Range
Standard deviation

23
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Data that can be measured and has no fixed value (e.g height)

24
Q

What is nominal data?

A

Data that can be separated into discrete categories and doesn’t overlap

25
Q

What is raw data?

A

Data that hasn’t been processed for use

26
Q

What is skewed data?

A

Where frequency data isn’t spread evenly

27
Q

What does negatively skewed data look like?

A

Data is skewed to the left
Median is greater than mean

28
Q

What does positively skewed data look like?

A

Data is skewed to the right
Mean is greater than median

29
Q

What does normal (no skew) data look like?

A

Graph is perfectly symmetrical
The mean is at the peak of the graph
The mean, median and mode are the same score

30
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of using the mean?

A

Strengths: includes all data so is more representative

Weaknesses: distorted by extreme scores

31
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of using the median?

A

Strengths: won’t be affected by extreme scores

Weaknesses: may not still tell us what the most typical or frequent score is

32
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of using the mode?

A

Strengths: unaffected by extreme scores

Weaknesses: can be effected dramatically by the change in one score

33
Q

When can the range be used as a measure of dispersion?

A

When you wish to make a basic measure of the variation within the data and the data is consistent

34
Q

What can standard deviation be used as a measure of dispersion?

A

When you wish to make a very sensitive measure of dispersion

35
Q

What is inferential statistic?

A

Analysing data using statistical tests to allow researchers to conclude if a hypothesis is supported by its results

Psychology: Research Methods (13 decks)

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