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Biology of Animal Production 1 > Dairy Cow Week 1 Study Questions > Flashcards

Dairy Cow Week 1 Study Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the calories in the American diet comes from dairy products?

A

10%

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2
Q

What are the trends in fluid milk, cheese, and butter consumption in the USA since 1970?

A

Decline in fluid consumption

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3
Q

Where does the USA rank in the world for total milk production?

A

3rd

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4
Q

What percentage of US dairy products are exported?

A

15%

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5
Q

What countries do we export to? (top three)

A

Canada, Mexico, China

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6
Q

How many dairy cows are in the USA?

A

9.4 million

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7
Q

What are the three largest dairy states for number of cows?

A

California, Idaho, Wisconsin

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8
Q

How many dairy cows are in Missouri? Where do we rank with respect to other states?

A

71,000 dairy cows, MO ranks 25th

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9
Q

What is the average dairy herd size in the USA?

A

317 cows per herd

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10
Q

Where are most of the large dairies located in the USA?

A

Down south (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico)

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11
Q

What is the average herd size for Missouri?

A

109 cows per herd, ranked 45th out of 50

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12
Q

What is the average milk production per lactation per cow in the USA?

A

23, 984 lbs cow per year

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13
Q

Approximately how many gallons of milk per day does the typical cow produce?

A

7.6 gallons of milk per day

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14
Q

What three states have the highest milk production per cow?

A

Michigan, Colorado, Wyoming

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15
Q

What is Missouri’s average milk production per cow and where do we rank for milk production per cow?

A

14,225 lbs per cow per year. MO 45th/50

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16
Q

What is a major reason that Missouri has low milk production per cow?

A

grass based diet

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17
Q

Does low milk production per cow = low profitability per cow? Why or why not (use grass-based dairying
in Missouri as an example)?

A

No, grass based diaries are inexpensive because food costs are low. So the profits of the milk are higher.

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18
Q

How does the Zeal Grass Milk Creamery increase the profitability of their dairies?

A

Advertise as grass based because consumers like this

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19
Q

What are the two major dairy breeds in the USA?

A

Holstein and Jersey

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20
Q

What is a Hojo cow?

A

A crossbreed of a Holstein and Jersey

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21
Q

How many gallons of milk per day did Selz-Pralle Aftershock 3918 make during peak lactation?

A

30 gallons of milk per day

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22
Q

Why was the cow “Old Jo” important to Dairy Science at Mizzou?

A

She held the record for milk production and put MO on the map for dairy production

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23
Q

What is the “stress” that we put on a dairy cow?

A

milk production

24
Q

How is the “strain” different from the stress?

A

strain is when the cow is sick, unable to produce milk

25
Q

How do we reduce the strain on a dairy cow?

A

improved genetics and good management

26
Q

What are the two most genetically tested species?

A

Cows and Humans

27
Q

How have the number of dairy farms and number of cows per farm changed in the USA in the past 50
years?

A

Traditional dairies are dying
–> small dairies are going out of business and cows are moving to larger farms

28
Q

The “Life Cycle of a Dairy Cow”.

A

Cow has calf –> lactate for 1 year –> dry (60 days) –> repeat
the calf is a replacement heifer –> 8-10 months (then hits puberty) –> cycles (4 months) –> (AI) then pregnant(9 months)

29
Q

What happens to bull calves on dairies?

A

get sold

30
Q

What is “Dairy beef” and why do you breed dairy cows to beef bulls?

A

breed a heifer that has unwanted genes with a beef cow so you can see it into beef

31
Q

What do we mean when we say “replacement rate” for a dairy? What is a typical replacement rate?

A

replace 30% of cows each year

32
Q

When should first breeding occur in a dairy heifer?

A

12-14 months

33
Q

When should first calving occur in a dairy heifer?

A

22-24 months

34
Q

What is colostrum?

A

first secretion from the mammary gland and is full of antibodies

35
Q

Why are the antibodies found in colostrum so critical to calf health?

A

Calves are born without antibodies – colostrum cues time for the calves immune system to develop

36
Q

What is the difference between “active” and “passive” immunity?

A

active –> own body develops antibodies
passive –> (colostrum) ingestion or infusion

37
Q

Is the disease protection that colostrum provides long- or short-lived?

A

short lived

38
Q

What are the three Q’s for colostrum feeding?

A

Quantity – Quality – Quickly

Quantity: how much colostrum a calf gets (calves over 100 lbs get 4 lbs at birth and 2 its at 12 hours)
Quality: amount of antibody in colostrum
Quickly: capacity of absorption of antibodies declines after 24 hours

39
Q

What should you do to ensure that the heifers get adequate colostrum after birth?

A

Get the cow up and milk, bottle feed calf
–> tube feed if won’t take a bottle

40
Q

What do calves eat after the colostrum feeding period (before weaning)?

A

grain and water and milk

41
Q

What are conventional versus accelerated growth programs for calves before weaning? How do they
differ with respect to what is fed and how much is fed?

A

Conventional: max starter grain intake
Accelerated (norm): max milk/milk replacer intake

42
Q

What is a “calf hutch”?

A

individual living

43
Q

What is a “calf ranch”?

A

someone raises the calf for you

44
Q

What is one advantage of housing calves in hutches compared with group housing?

A

less likely to transfer disease

45
Q

What is one advantage of housing calves in groups compared with hutch housing?

A

they are more social and have improved behavior

46
Q

What are automatic calf feeders?

A

a computerized feeder that tracks the weight of the calf and how much they have eaten

47
Q

How can the unique features of an automatic feeder be used to determine if a calf is growing and eating
enough?

A

it tracks their weight and how much they have eaten

48
Q

What would you do if the automatic feeder tells you the calf is not eating or not growing?

A

check the calf for illness, separate, feed

49
Q

What are mob feeders?

A

a milk barrel with nipples

50
Q

What is one distinct disadvantage of a mob feeder for group housed calves?

A

easily spreads disease

51
Q

What are some advantages of housing calves in pairs?

A

improved behavior, more social, improve feed intake, faster weight gain

52
Q

How many days do calves stay in hutches before they are weaned?

A

60 days

53
Q

How much should a calf growth from birth to weaning (body weight change)

A

double in weight

54
Q

How do you house and feed calves after weaning?

A

put them in bigger groups, feed hay and grain

55
Q

What are the approximate growth rates (lbs/day) for heifers before 2 years of age?

A

2 lbs a day until first calf

56
Q

What are growth targets for heifers at first breeding and first calving (% mature body weight)?

A

first breeding –> 55%
first calving –> 85%

Biology of Animal Production 1 (16 decks)

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