Cow-Calf Operations

Question 1

MO ranks ___ of cow-calf states

Answer 1

top 3

Question 2

Average number of cows on MO farm

Answer 2

30 cows/farm

Question 3

MO + US average fewer than ___ cows/farm

Answer 3

50

Question 4

define Calf Crop % Weaned

Answer 4

how many calves survived until weaning

Question 5

Spring Calving

Answer 5

Feb-Apr
-more common in US

Question 6

Spring Calving Advantages

Answer 6

-increasing temp
-growth of grass

Question 7

Spring Calving Disadvantages

Answer 7

snow, rain, mud

Question 8

Fall Calving

Answer 8

Aug-Oct

Question 9

Fall Calving Advantages

Answer 9

-weaned calves market more in spring
-less heat stress
-less toxins in the grass (fescue)
-more likely calving ease (low calf wt)

Question 10

Fall Calving Disadvantages

Answer 10

-calves in winter
-manage lactating cow in the cold
-lower calf weight

Question 11

3 Stages of Parturition

Answer 11

1. prep stage
2. delivery (2-4 hrs)
3. clean up (placenta)

Question 12

When are most calves lost?

Answer 12

majority of calves are lost during the first 1-3 days of life

Question 13

Passive Transfer

Answer 13

temporary protection from Dam
–> colostrum

Question 14

Active Immunity

Answer 14

acquired immunity from own exposure
–> infection, vaccines

Question 15

Naval/Joint Ill

Answer 15

bacteria settles in joints, eyes, brain, liver, heart
–> dip umbilical cord and keep environment clean to prevent this

Question 16

Identification Methods

Answer 16

-ear tag (RFID=radio frequency identification)
-branding
–> hot or freeze

Question 17

Castration

Answer 17

less than 90 days
–> castrated sells for more
-band
-surgical
-chemical

Question 18

Dehorn/Disbud

Answer 18

less than 3 weeks, earlier the better
–> for the safety of humans and other cows
-caustic paste
-hot iron
-surgical
– breed polled animals

Question 19

Clostridial Disease

Answer 19

bacteria from environment, muscle, liver, intestine, “blackleg”, malignant edema (tissue swells and ruptures)

Question 20

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Answer 20

highly infectious, cause: bovine herpesvirus, upper respiratory, virus lives in the brain and is never fully gone

Question 21

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

Answer 21

resp + repro issues, economically important, passed to calf in utero, supportive therapy + cull

Question 22

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)

Answer 22

*syncytial cells=one nucleus
–>cause lung damage

Question 23

Parainfluenza Virus 3 (Pi3)

Answer 23

upper resp mucosa, resp disease, susceptible to IBR

Question 24

Brucellosis

Answer 24

bacterial disease, highly contagious, calf membranes – repro fluids, zoonotic

Question 25

vector

Answer 25

pass disease from animal to animal

Question 26

fomite

Answer 26

object carries disease

Question 27

Modified Live Vaccine

Answer 27

organisms are alive and replicate
–> weakened

Question 28

Killed Vaccine

Answer 28

organisms are dead
–adjuvant to trigger immune reaction
–booster

Question 29

Implants

Answer 29

go on the ear
–provides exogenous hormone
–>helps growth, concern with leaner meat and hormones in meat (FDA approved)

Question 30

Dewormer

Answer 30

pour on, injectable, oral - drench

Question 31

Calf Nutrition

Answer 31

calf graze at 3 months
–> creep feed

Question 32

Weaning Age

Answer 32

7 months of age (BCS)

Question 33

3 Types of Weaning

Answer 33

-Traditional – separate mom and calf
-Fence-Line – calves on one side of the fence, mom on the other
-Two-Step – Step 1: nose piece, Step 2: separate