DA Ethnicity External

Question 1

Material deprivation

Answer 1

Pakistani Bangladeshis and African Caribbeans are 3 x more likely to be poor homeless or unemployed than the whites
This can be due to language skills, foreign qualifications not being recognised or racial discrimination

Question 2

Family structure

Answer 2

Moynihan- black families are typically lone mother headed therefore children are deprived of adequate socialisation
Sewell- boys underachieve due to a lack of fatherly nurturing or “tough love” so they look for this elsewhere and join street gangs that offer them “perverse love and loyalty”

Question 3

Attitudes and values

Answer 3

Black families are not socialised into mainstream culture that instilled the value of long term success but into “fatalistic” “live for today” that does not value education
Asian families- Driver and Ballard- Asian families have high aspirations that contribute to educational success and pass on values such as the Asian work ethic
Lupton- adult authority in Asian families is similar to how it is in school

Question 4

Linguistic skills

Answer 4

A fifth of Bangladeshi and Pakistani women do not speak English fluently
Black families- Berieter argues that the language spoken by low income black families is inadequate for education as it is ungrammatical, disjointed and unable of expressing abstract ideas

Question 5

Racism in wider society

Answer 5

Wood et al- sent 3 closely matched applications with 2 ethnic minority sounding names and one white sounding name to a 1000 job vacancies and found that only 1/16 ethnic minority applicants were offered an interview against 1/9 white applicants