D4: The Northern Rising Flashcards
Why did Mary, Queen of Scots pose a problem for Elizabeth I?
Mary posed a double threat to Liz due to her legitimate claim to the English throne and her role as a Catholic figurehead for those opposing Protestant rule.
What was the significance of Mary’s birth and lineage?
Born in 1542, Mary was the only surviving child of James V. Her claim to the English throne came from her grandmother, Margaret Tudor, making her Elizabeth’s cousin. This Tudor bloodline meant her kids would have both claims to Eng and Scot thrones.
How did Mary’s legitimacy compare to Elizabeth’s?
Mary was born in wedlock (he legitmacy was unquestionable), while Elizabeth’s legitimacy was questioned due to Henry VIII’s marriage to Anne Boleyn, which some Catholics deemed invalid/ illegitimate.
What role did foreign powers play in Elizabeth’s concerns about Mary?
France and Spain, as Catholic countries, might support a challenge to remove Protestant Elizabeth from the throne, seeing Mary as the legitimate queen.
- she was partic worried abt the prospect of a Catholic crusade led by powerful foreign rulers, backed by the pope, aimed at replacing her with Mary.
How did the political situation affect Elizabeth’s position in the early 1560s?
The early 1560s were politically favorable for Elizabeth, but by the late 1560s, the situation changed, increasing concerns about her reign stability and Mary’s threat.
When did Mary, Queen of Scots, begin to pose a significant threat to Elizabeth I?
Mary began to pose a real threat from the mid-1560s, with this threat developing rapidly in 1568–69.
Why was Mary raised in France, and how did this affect her connection to England?
Mary was raised in France due to repeated attempts by the English to capture her. Her upbringing and marriage to the heir of the French throne strengthened her ties to France.
How did Mary’s connection to France impact Elizabeth’s security?
Mary’s connection to France enhanced Elizabeth’s security because Spain, Frances great rival would not support a French candidate for the English throne.
- If Mary became queen, it would increase French power and control the English Channel, hindering Spanish King Philip II’s access to the Netherlands.
What was Philip II’s stance towards Mary and Elizabeth during her time in France?
Philip II would support Elizabeth as queen, even though she was Protestant, as long as Mary was associated with France. He preferred this arrangement over the increase in French power that could result from Mary becoming queen.
Why would Philip II continue to back Elizabeth I?
Philip II would continue to support Elizabeth to counterbalance the Franco-Scottish alliance, which included Mary, Queen of Scots.
What happened after Mary’s French husband died in 1560?
After her husband died, Mary returned to Scotland and ruled as queen in her own right, maintaining strong links to France through the powerful Guise family, (Mary Guise was her mother).
How did the political situation in Scotland change for Mary by 1565–66?
By 1565–66, Mary’s rule faced challenges, inc. a Protestant noble revolt, leading to her imprisonment in Loch Leven Castle in 1567 and her forced abdication in favor of her young son, James.
What significant event occurred in 1568 concerning Mary?
In 1568, after her abdication and imprisonment, Mary managed to escape from Scotland and arrived in England in May of that year.
What event in 1569 was rooted in tensions at Elizabeth I’s Court?
The Northern Rising in 1569 had its roots in the development of tensions among rival groups of Elizabeth’s nobility at Court.
Who was Elizabeth I’s most trusted councillor, and what was their relationship like?
- Elizabeth I’s most trusted councillor was William Cecil.
- had worked together since her accession to the throne in 1558, collaborating to create a moderate religious settlement aimed at balancing the interests of both Protestants and Catholics.
Why did some members of the nobility resent Cecil’s influence?
Some members of the nobility resented Cecil’s influence because, under his advice, Elizabeth and him appeared to be leading the country into a war with Catholic Spain, which created divisions at Court.
What was happening to Anglo-Spanish relations by 1568?
By 1568, Anglo-Spanish relations were deteriorating. A Protestant-led rebellion against Spanish rule in the Netherlands had been brutally suppressed by Spanish forces in 1567–68, strengthening Philip II’s position.
How did the presence of Spanish forces in the Netherlands affect England?
The presence of Spanish forces in the Netherlands, located just across the Channel from England, created fears of a possible invasion, heightening tensions and anxieties within England.
What incident in December 1568 further strained relations with Spain?
In Dec 1568, four Spanish ships carrying bullion to pay the Spanish troops in the Netherlands sought refuge in England from pirates.
- Cecil ordered that the bullion be seized, which cut off the Spanish army’s pay and provoked an angry reaction from the Spanish government.
What was the outcome of the tensions between Cecil’s policies and the Court?
By the end of 1568, it appeared that England was on the brink of war with Spain, a much larger and more powerful country. Cecil’s policies were blamed for this escalation, leading to a Court plot aimed at removing him from power.
Who were the main nobles involved in the plot against William Cecil?
The main nobles involved were Thomas Howard, the Duke of Norfolk, and the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland.
What was the motivation behind the plot to remove Cecil?
- The nobles did not intend to remove Queen Elizabeth
- They were concerned about Cecil’s influence over her and sought to eliminate that threat.
