D2: Religious changes Flashcards
What did Henry VIII do between 1533 and 1537 regarding the Pope?
Henry renounced the Pope’s authority and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church in England.
Who masterminded Henry’s break with Rome?
Thomas Cromwell orchestrated the break with Rome.
How were Henry’s actions legalized?
A series of Acts of Parliament legalized Henry’s actions and created ways to punish those opposing the supremacy.
What was the main result of establishing royal supremacy?
It changed the relationship between the monarchy and the people, with Henry at the church’s head.
What motivated Henry’s break with Rome?
He wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Cromwell saw this the best way
Was Henry VIII a religious reformer?
No, but some of his advisers, like Cromwell and Archbishop Cranmer, had more radical religious views.
How was the break with Rome implemented in England?
It was imposed from the top down by Henry and his advisors.
Where were traditional Catholic practices still predominant?
In more remote regions, especially the South West and the North.
Who was one of the new bishops Cromwell appointed?
Hugh Latimer, who shared Cromwell’s religious beliefs.
What was Cromwell’s goal for the English Church after the break with Rome?
Cromwell aimed to introduce doctrinal changes that reflected his evangelical beliefs, not just structural adjustments.
What position did Cromwell hold that gave him authority over the Church?
In 1535, Henry appointed Cromwell as Vicegerent in Spirituals, granting him significant power over Church matters.
How did Cromwell influence the English clergy?
He appointed bishops aligned with his views, like Hugh Latimer.
How did Cromwell respond to clergy who supported the pope?
In April 1535, royal letters instructed bishops, nobility, and JPs to imprison clergymen who preached in favor of papal authority.
What was the significance of the Act of Ten Articles (1536)?
This act was the first to define English Church doctrine, reducing the sacraments from seven to three and making Eucharist language ambiguous.
How did Cromwell challenge traditional Catholic practices?
His 1536 Injunctions to the clergy discouraged pilgrimages, relics, images, and worship of saints, while banning Holy Days.
Why did Henry VIII support Cromwell’s reforms despite not being a reformer?
Henry supported these changes because they weakened papal authority, diminishing an alternative source of loyalty that could challenge his supremacy.
How did different regions respond to Cromwell’s reforms?
The result of these changes at the centre was that
there was increasing pressure on the localities to obey Cromwell’s
orders. While the South, including some Catholic areas like SW, complied with Cromwell’s orders, the more traditional Catholic North reacted with alarm and resistance.
What role did Cromwell play in the grievances of the 1536 rebels?
Many rebels demanded (focused on their desire to see) a reversal of Cromwell’s changes and blamed him, along with Sir Richard Rich, for the unpopular reforms.
