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Sport science > D1 - Structure of the Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

D1 - Structure of the Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

A
  • heart
  • vessels
  • blood
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2
Q

What do the blood vessels provide?

A
  • a circulatory network
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3
Q

Where is the heart located in the body?

A
  • underneath the sternum
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4
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A
  • to drive blood through the vessels in order to deliver it to the tissues and working muscles
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5
Q

What is the heart surrounded by?

A
  • a twin layered sac called the pericardium
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6
Q

What does the cavity between the two outer layers of the heart contain?

A
  • pericardial fluid
  • prevents friction as the heart beats
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7
Q

What are the four parts that make up the cell wall?

A
  • septum (separating left and right sides of the heart)
  • endocardium (on the inside of the heart walls)
  • epidcardium (outer layer)
  • myocardium (thick muscle)
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8
Q

Order of blood flow through the heart …

A
  • superior & inferior vena cava
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid valve
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonary semi lunar valve
  • left & right pulmonary arteries
  • left & right pulmonary veins
  • left atrium
  • bicuspid valve
  • left ventricle
  • aortic semi lunar valve
  • aorta
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9
Q

Heart …

A
  • two separate pumps
  • 1 pump = 2 chambers on the right
  • 2 pump = 2 chambers on the left
  • chambers on the right supply low pressured blood to the lungs via pulmonary veins
  • low pressured to the lungs (right)
  • high pressured to the body (left)
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10
Q

Pulmonary circuit …

A
  • between heart and lungs
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11
Q

Systematic circuit …

A
  • between heart and rest of the body
  • muscles tissues and organs
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12
Q

Coronary arteries …

A
  • supply the heart with blood so it is able to pump
  • on the heart itself
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13
Q

Atria …

A
  • upper chambers of the heart
  • right receives deoxygenated
  • left receives oxygenated
  • they receive blood from other parts of the body
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14
Q

Ventricles …

A
  • pumping chambers
  • thicker walls
  • right pumps to pulmonary
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15
Q

Bicuspid valve …

A
  • it allows blood flow in one direction only
  • between left atrium and ventricle
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16
Q

Tricuspid valve …

A
  • it allows blood flow in one direction only
  • between right atrium and right ventricle
17
Q

Semi-lunar valve …

A
  • entrance to the pulmonary artery and aorta
  • they allow blood flow in one direction only
18
Q

Aorta …

A
  • main artery
  • under the most pressure as oxygenated blood is pumped through this to the rest of the body
19
Q

Superior Vena Cava …

A
  • a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the right atrium
20
Q

Inferior vena cava …

A
  • a vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the lower body into the right atrium
21
Q

Pulmonary vein …

A
  • carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart (left atrium)
22
Q

Pulmonary artery …

A
  • carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
  • its the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood
23
Q

What are the five type of blood vessel that create a network?

A
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • veins
  • venules
24
Q

Arteries …

A
  • carry blood away from the heart
  • carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery0
  • have thick muscular walls to carry blood at high speed under high pressure
  • expand when blood is forced through them
  • do not require valves as they have high pressure
  • deep under skin, if close to skin they can be forced as pulses
25
Q

Two main properties of arteries …

A
  • elasticity
  • contract ability = smooth muscle within the vessels allow for this = size of the arteries can be changed
26
Q

What is the relationship between contract ability and blood pressure?

A
  • contracting increases blood pressure
  • relaxing decreases blood pressure
27
Q

Arterioles …

A
  • thinner walls than arteries
  • how oxygen is redistributed during exercise
  • they contract (vasoconstriction) to reduce blood flow or relax (vasodilate) to increase blood flow to muscles
  • responsible for altering the amounts of blood flow to certain parts of the body, and how much blood gets to the capillaries
28
Q

Capillaries …

A
  • smallest vessel (narrow and thin)
  • connect circulatory system = link between veins and arteries
  • number at a muscle is influenced by physical activity completed
  • essential as they allow for diffusion of oxygen/ nutrients to body tissues
  • ensure muscles get oxygen/ remove waste products
  • walls of capillaries are only cell thick = diffusion is efficient
29
Q

Veins …

A
  • veins facilitate to the rest of the body, venous return deoxygenated blood back to the heart
  • thinner walls than arteries as they do not have high pressured blood
  • muscles in the veins that push thin walls of the veins inwards, squeezing blood back towards the heart
  • pocket valves within veins (& venules) = contract veins to increase pressure so blood flows up the vein
  • contractions within the veins are not constant, valves close, stopping back flow of blood
  • veins are close to the surface and can be seen under skin
  • branch into smaller vessels called venules
30
Q

Venules …

A
  • small vessels that connect the capillaries to veins
  • take blood from the capillaries and transport deoxygenated blood under low pressure to the veins, which in turn go the heart
31
Q

What are the three components of the blood?

A
  • red/ white blood cells
  • platletes
  • plasma
32
Q

Red blood cells …

A
  • function to transport oxygen to tissues in the body
  • contain haemoglobin (makes them red) and mixed with oxygen creates oxyhaemoglobin
  • have large surface area (dimple)
  • drop of blood contains millions of red blood cells
33
Q

White blood cells …

A
  • protect body from infection
  • identify, locate and destroy foreign bodies in the blood
  • remove bacteria and viruses from the body
  • formed in bone marrow and stored in blood
34
Q

Platelets …

A
  • primary function is clotting to prevent blood loss
  • if there is a cut, platelets rush to the area to close the wound (stopping bacteria from entering and blood loss)
  • produced in the blood marrow
35
Q

Plasma …

A
  • yellow liquid in which all blood cells are carried
  • made of 90% water as well as electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and proteins
  • purpose is to allow the movement of other cells within the blood

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