A1 - skeletal system Flashcards
1
Q
Cranium
A
- box like cavity (space)
- interlinking bones (these are not fused when born)
- contains and protects the brain
2
Q
Ribs
A
- 12 pairs of ribs (forming the ‘thoracic cage’)
- first 7 are attached to the sternum
- bottom 5 are not attached to the sternum
3
Q
Carpals
A
- 8 small bones that make up the wrist
- arranged in 2 rows of 4
- held in place by ligaments
4
Q
Metacarpals
A
- 5 long bones in the palm of the hand (one corresponding to each finger)
5
Q
Pelvis
A
- made up of 2 hip bones
- each hip bones has 3 sections (illium, ischium and pubis)
- these fuse together during puberty
6
Q
Femur
A
- longest and strongest bone in the body
7
Q
Vertebral column
A
- made up of 5 different sections
- cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
8
Q
What are the 5 classifications?
A
- short bones
- irregular bones
- long bones
- flat bones
- seasamoid bones
9
Q
Long bones
A
- bones found in the limbs
- used in movement
- they have two distinct parts ( diaphysis and epiphysis )
- femur, clavical, carpals, metatarsals
10
Q
Short bones
A
- small, light, strong and cube shaped
- they are a ‘cancellous bone’ = light and porous bone material that has a honeycomb or spongy appearance
- used for weight bearing
- tarsals and carpals
11
Q
Flat bones
A
- used for protection
- thin, flattened and slightly curved bones
- large surface area
- sternum, scapulae and cranium
12
Q
Irregular bones
A
- complex shapes (that fit into no other bone categories)
- vertebrae
- used for protection and movement
13
Q
Sesamoid bones
A
- these have a specialised function (usually found within a tendon)
- these provide a ‘smooth’ surface for the tendon to slide over
- used to reduce friction and protect inner parts of a joint
- patella
14
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
- consists of the bones attached to the axial skeleton
- there are 4 main sections of the appendicular skeleton (upper limbs, lower limbs, shoulder girdle and pelvis girdle)
14
Q
What are the two parts of the skeleton?
A
Axial skeleton - 80 bones forming the ‘long’ axis of the body (middle-midriff-spine-main bit)
Appendicular skeleton - 126 bones forming the bones attached to the axial skeleton (extremities/appendages-arms-legs)